Combined heating. Combined heating of a private house

23.02.2018

Combined home heating is a combination of elements of various systems. In connection with the need to save energy, the most popular are combined heating systems combining traditional and alternative heat sources.

Features of combined heating systems

The main plus of the combined heating scheme is the efficiency, which reaches 109 percent.

Systems not only receive heat, but also accumulate it, and also use it economically.

You can mount the combined one both during the construction of the building, and by upgrading an existing boiler room. Savings are achieved through the use of heat pumps and solar collectors. Heat exchangers of pumps are made air or ground. To save money on water heating, combined heating of the house is equipped with a solar collector. Water for household needs, for the pool and even partially for the heating system is heated using free solar energy. The savings are especially noticeable in the warm months of the year. The equipment used in combined heating systems is reliable and durable. Thus, solar panels have been operating for thirty or more years without maintenance and reducing the intensity of heating, this is a very convenient scheme for heating a private house.

Boiler or furnace for home heating

Without a solid fuel boiler, it is impossible to create combined heating for a private house. The coolant in such systems is water. For combined systems, economical furnaces or boilers are selected long burning who work for wood briquettes. The boiler is connected to the water circuit, heats the water, which transfers part of the energy to the heat accumulator. In the future, the saved energy is used to heat the house.

All heat sources of the combined heating scheme are connected to a multifunctional boiler or a heat accumulator. It is this device that makes it possible to save fuel and use the energy received from alternative sources in the most rational way.

Combined home heating is the most economical

Now the combined heating system, which includes several sources of heat energy, is in rather great demand. It's not a luxury, but a necessity. You can combine several types of boilers or alternative types of heating.

Mixed heating principles

Combined heating should be based on three principles.

Energy production can come from all sources that are known today.
Energy is created, stored and accumulated, allowing it to be used rationally.
Such a system can be created both at the construction stage and for an already built house.

Possible system components

The combined heating scheme of a private house may consist of the following elements.

. It can act as both the main heat source and the auxiliary one. Models may differ in their power and efficiency level. This equipment is capable of extracting energy from air, water or earth. The latter option is considered more efficient for our latitude. Refrigerant is required to extract heat from the ground. It is a gas with a low boiling point. They fill the pipes that go deep into the earth. The service life of such a pump is on average 25-30 years.
. Solar installations can be designed for water heating only or for combined use. The latter option not only provides a home warm water for technical needs, but also participates in the heating process. The collector for the combined heating system can work for more than 30 years. The main advantages are minimal maintenance, environmental friendliness and operational efficiency.
Fireplaces and stoves with a water circuit. Such elements of combined heating at home are more efficient and economical than conventional fireplaces. When connected to the heating system, they rationally distribute heat energy for heating. Heated water from the combustion of wood accumulates in a special accumulator for subsequent distribution through the system. When installing an additional element - an air vent, warm air will flow directly into the room. To achieve maximum effective result, it is recommended to carry out work on the thermal insulation of a private house.

Multi-fuel boiler

Universal boiler operating on various types of fuel

The scheme of the combined heating system may include a boiler that runs on several types of fuel. This versatile device may vary in its power. For its optimal choice, it is necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the degree of need for heating. Among the popular and most efficient fuel combinations, there are 5 types of combinations.

Gas and diesel fuel

The most common variant of combined heating systems for a private house. This is due to the easy transition from one type of fuel to another, just change the type of burner. This item comes as standard with the boiler. The common combustion chamber of the fuel allows you to quickly and easily make a replacement.

The operation of the device depends directly on the quality of the heat exchanger, which can be made of cast iron or steel. In the presence of a gas pipeline, this method is the most acceptable. It combines efficiency and financial affordability.

Gas and solid fuel

Such a mixed heating system of a private house can be organized independently. This requires a boiler that runs on natural gas and solid fuels (wood, pellets, coal).

This system will have an automated process and security controls, but this does not exclude the presence of attention from the user.

Solid fuel and electricity

Combined heating of a private house can combine the use solid fuel and electricity. These boilers operate on 220 V or 380 V. Very often, this heating method is used by owners of summer cottages who do not live in the house all year round. During your stay in the house, you can use solid fuel, and during your absence - electricity.

The only drawback is the rather high cost of electricity, but in the absence of other options, this is a completely acceptable solution.

Natural gas, diesel and solid fuels, electricity

The mixed heating system includes the use of four common types of fuel: gas, diesel, electricity and solid fuel. As the latter type, you can use not only firewood, but also coal, coke, wood waste.

This is the best option for private houses that are far from the conditions of civilization or there are interruptions in the operation of the gas main and the power grid.

Electrode and pyrolysis boiler

Electrode heating boilers

This is the optimal scheme for combined heating of a two-story house. The system allows you to maintain optimal temperature performance even in the absence of the owners of the house. Also suitable for occasional stays.

To organize heating, you will need to purchase two separate units, since they cannot be combined with each other.

Now, not every locality has a gas main or an electrical network, so some measures must be taken to heat the house. You can use alternative sources energy (solar panels,) or organize mixed heating of a private house.

Modern equipment is regularly improved, combined boilers are now quite affordable. They can run on several types of fuel, including natural gas, coal, wood, diesel fuel, electricity and more. Each of these types has its drawbacks, and in combination there is a complement to each other.

Combined heating is suitable for those who seek to create the most efficient heating system for their home.

For owners of private households who are not able to spend, such an option as combined heating for the house is suitable. With the help of this efficient system, you can provide high-quality heating of the room and create a cozy home environment in it.
Scheme of combined heating of a private house

Principles of operation of combined heating systems

When purchasing a multi-fuel boiler design, which is an element of combined heating, you need to familiarize yourself with the universal power of the boiler device. The area of the building, heating needs are also taken into account here. They consider the most effective and relevant combinations of heating, which are based on three principles:

energy is extracted from all sorts of known sources;
energy is generated, saved and accumulated, with its subsequent rational use;
the system is created both during the construction period and in the built house.

Combined heating country house is a widely used type of heating, because it is very convenient to switch from one fuel to another by changing the burner included in the general set.

Combined heating option in a private house

At the same time, there are no significant changes in the settings, all issues are resolved using the instructions. The combustion chamber is one for two types of fuel, so the switching process is short-lived. Technically, this option is considered successful, despite the different fuel prices.

The originality of designs

Combined boilers for have several fireboxes for various types of fuel. In one of them, solid fuels are burned - firewood and coal, in the other - liquid or gaseous in the form of gas or diesel fuel. In such systems, it is possible to connect several autonomous lines and install different temperatures. For example, from one goes energy to the batteries, the other controls the heated floors.

For heating a two-story house, this is an excellent option, only you need to focus on the presence of separate heat exchangers, they are not available in every combined boiler.

Scheme of combined heating of a two-story house In the latest developed representatives, there are built-in heating elements for operating on existing energy carriers, and there are also burners that allow you to use both gas and diesel fuel, simply by switching the switch to the desired mode. In order to save money and obtain the desired effect of heating a large area, it is worth using a heat accumulator, this is most relevant in boilers using coal. During the use of solid fuel, the power of the boiler system is not adjusted and the room becomes extremely hot. The present heat accumulator:

removes excess heat, it is preserved;
with a lack of heat hot water transferred to the DHW or to the system.

With this design, you can turn on the boiler less often.

Choice of models

When starting to choose boiler models, you need to know that the size of power on certain types of fuel will be different for it.

Project of a house with combined heating This is necessary to determine the main type used for heating purposes. One more information - in foreign boilers the nominal power is indicated, and in Russian - the maximum. This will give a significant difference in performance, so you need to be on the lookout. Combined boilers for a private house have different power when changing fuel.

The cost of structures

Of course, when the boiler has varieties fuel systems, it is more expensive and heavier. Only boilers in combination with electric + firewood are unchanged in size, the heating base is built into the boiler, it turns on automatically after the burner goes out and the temperature drops below the critical point.

Scheme of combined heating using solar energy The cost of combined boilers with solid fuel + electricity is the same as for simple wood - the changes are insignificant, and the size is almost the same, only a small heater is inserted. Such a design will help out if it is not possible to regularly add firewood or unwillingness to interrupt a night's sleep.

Types of combined heating systems

Gas + diesel boiler

The operation and operation of this combination depends on the performance of the heat exchanger. Such a representative is made of cast iron and steel separately, or in combination. Consumers using a combined boiler for a private house are convinced that with a gas pipeline located nearby, it is possible to use both water heating and a combined system in the form of a combination of diesel fuel and gas. This is a very economical version of the acquisition and further operation of the structure.

Gas + solid fuel

Such a system is an independent combination of gas and solid fuel. A multi-fuel device operating on wood and coal is suitable here.
Combined heating boiler gas, diesel and solid fuel This combination is not always effective, the boiler requires the presence of a special automatic technology that controls safety. You need to treat this situation clearly and under the supervision of a specialist, then there will be a return. Despite the complex design, these devices are popular because of their inexpensive cost.

Solid fuel + electricity

Combined boilers for heating a private house with a similar combination are quite often used in practice, mainly in the country version. The volume of electricity here is from 220 to 380 volts, power - 4-9 kilowatts. There is a three-phase switching in the potential. Being present in the premises, the owners can use solid fuel, and when they leave, the automation will turn on, and the required temperature regime will be maintained in the building.

The price of such a unit, of course, is rather big, but it is reliable and in the absence of other options, this one will be the best.

Gas + solid fuels + electricity

Consumers who value extreme power choose only this one, which operates with the help of some fuel sources. Coal, wood, coke, lumber briquettes are used here.
A mixed heating system is suitable for different areas located far from the city, but with the presence of a gas pipeline. In the event of a shortage of gas or electricity, there is always a way out - to use wood or other solid fuels.

Pyrolysis + electrodes

This device is suitable for heating a two-story house or. The combination of the action of the pyrolysis and electrode boiler will allow you to maintain the required temperature, even when there are no owners.

The scheme is not one multi-fuel mechanism, but two units, and has already managed to gain popularity.

The most popular solid fuel boilers

The climate of the country is similar to the climate of Russia, required power heating process can be achieved.
Manufacturing companies already have extensive experience and capabilities in this area.
The quality of the models is very high.

Jäspi Group is a well-known company specializing in the production of heating equipment. Boilers have good performance, they are equipped with heating elements.
Another well-known company is Jäspi. Boilers of this representative:

The pace of gasification of our settlements is still unable to meet the growing needs of the population. It often happens that they promise to gasify the village, but for some time its residents will have to use a different type of fuel in order to provide themselves and their families with comfortable living. For these purposes, the owners of suburban real estate purchase equipment that creates a combined heating system based on the use different types fuel. Another type of system is based on the use of several heating appliances operating on the same fuel. We will consider both options for combinations for a private house in this article.

Fuel Combination

Currently, there are a wide variety of offers on the home equipment market, so there are plenty to choose from. Consider several heating systems that combine the possibility of using several types of fuel without a radical change in equipment: while one type of energy is absent, it can be replaced by another.

Gas and diesel fuel

Boiler heating method in which you can change from one type of burner to another and switch to alternative view fuel is quite common. The second type of burner is even included in the basic package of such a boiler. All questions that a consumer may have in the process of replacing burners of one type with others are usually covered in some detail in the instructions. The simplicity of this operation is based on the use of one common combustion chamber for these types of fuel.

One heating scheme can successfully combine two boilers that run on gas and diesel fuel, but there are options in which it is enough to replace the boiler burner in order to transfer it to alternative fuel

Yes, diesel fuel and gas are completely different types of fuel, but combining their use can be considered successful even from a technical point of view. If the heat exchanger of such a device is made with high quality, it will serve its owners for a long time, and the efficiency of its operation will be as expected.

For the construction of the heat exchanger, steel or cast iron is often used. It can be both isolated and combined. Alternating the use of gas and diesel fuel is considered economical. The device is not expensive even when buying, and in the process of operation it quickly pays for itself.

Gas and solid fuel

So, he will try to make such a heating system in which gas can be supplemented with solid fuel. To do this, you need to purchase a multi-fuel device (boiler) that can run on coal or wood.

This is what a heating system looks like, in which both gas and solid fuel are used at the same time

A distinctive feature of such a boiler, which can work with gas and solid fuels, is its equipment with a special control device that ensures the safety of its operation. But still, experts say that no one will give a 100% guarantee of the safety of using this boiler. Therefore, if you have chosen such a device, carefully monitor it during operation.

However, these boilers are relatively inexpensive and are in high demand among owners of small cottages.

Solid fuel and electricity

In private households, combined heating is often found, in which the use of electricity and solid fuel can be combined. The operating range of such devices is 220-380 volts, while the power varies between 4-9 kilowatts. There are even models in which you can switch three phases.

Most often, boilers of this type are actively purchased by summer residents. Why? The answer is simple: it is not at all necessary to live in the country all year round. To make the house warm and cozy, it is enough to turn on the boiler when you arrive at the dacha, so that it works for some time on solid fuel.

The combination of solid fuel and electricity in heating schemes is also not uncommon.

Automatic mode can be activated, which will maintain all temperature parameters in comfortable ranges. The price to be paid for electrical system, cannot be called small, but this fact should not confuse those who are tuned in to comfort, if it cannot be achieved in another way.

Solid fuel, gas and electricity

With how such a combined heating system will look like in practice, you can familiarize yourself by looking at the diagram below. It consists of two wall-mounted boilers and a boiler.

We can say that in this version the maximum versatility of the fuel has been achieved. This technology is based on the fact that the heating function in it is provided not by one, but by several fuel sources. In this case, coal briquettes, wood, coke waste and lumber can be used as solid fuel.

In this scheme, all the advantages of fuel interchangeability are used. In the event of interruptions in one type of heating, you can use another without compromising the comfortable temperature.

Mixed heat sources

The system in which mixed heat sources, helps out a lot in remote areas, when civilization is not so easy to get to. It is important that the gas pipeline is still here. In the event of interruptions in gas and electricity supply, it is this system that can help out in critical situations.

In the presence of mixed technology, it is possible, when there is nothing else, to simply chop firewood, which will always be found in our country. This is where the opportunity arises to appreciate all the benefits that the use of alternative fuels provides.

Combination of pyrolysis and electrode boilers

To provide heating for a two-story country cottage only for the duration of the presence of residents in it, you can use another system. The combination of fuel in it is ensured not by the use of one boiler, which can be fired with different types of fuel, but by the use of a combination of different types of boilers.

For example, you can use a boiler, which is based on the pyrolysis principle, when the fuel is burned with insufficient oxygen and a temperature of 200-800 degrees Celsius. This process leads to the separation of wood into three fractions: pyrolysis gas, coke and solid residue. All three fractions burn much more efficiently than the wood itself.

In addition to the pyrolysis boiler, you can use the electrode. This is a flow type heating boiler that runs on electricity. The coolant in it is heated as a result of ionization and movement of ions to the poles of the electrode. Energy is released when the electrodes vibrate. When heated in the ionization chamber, the pressure of the coolant increases. It turns out that the electrode boiler becomes not only heating device but also a circulation pump.

Pyrolysis boiler can be combined with electrode electrical appliance, in general scheme they will complement each other perfectly

The combined operation of these two devices can support the operation of the heating system even in the absence of the owners. Gradually, it is the idea of creating such a scheme that attracts everyone's attention.

So, the use of different types of fuel allows you to switch from one of them to another if there are any interruptions.

How to combine heating devices?

We are used to the fact that in city apartments radiators are widely used as a heating device. central heating. It is they who, with centralized heat supply, provide coziness and a comfortable temperature in our homes.

Radiators and underfloor heating

Recently, underfloor heating has been added to radiators, which work either on water or on electricity. Indeed, in this case, the level of comfort increases significantly due to the fact that the heating occurs under our feet, and then the heat rises up.

It is worth remembering that the presence of a warm floor does not force us to completely abandon radiators. The combination of these two types of heating devices is the very combined version of the heating system of a private house, when the necessary harmony and comfort is achieved. The following proportion is considered optimal: 70% of the heat in the house comes from underfloor heating, and only 30% from central heating batteries. To do just that, you need to heat the coolant for the floor to 60 ° C, and the one that enters the radiators to 75 ° C.

If the combination of underfloor heating and heating radiators is based on the use of electrical energy, then the batteries will be electric, and the floor will be heated using a special cable

This combined system usually uses:

Electricity. To do this, a special heating cable is placed underground, and electric batteries are used in the rooms.
Heat carriers. Pipes are laid under the floors, and ordinary radiators are installed in the rooms.

When a coolant is used as heating energy, a wide variety of pipes can be used. As a material for them, copper, metal-plastic, polyethylene and so on are used. It is important to correctly calculate the need for pipes, make a reasonable laying scheme, and when carrying out the calculation, do not forget about the pump power, pipe thickness and hydraulic resistance. Similar calculations are accompanied by the establishment of the need for radiators for a particular room.

Using water as a heat carrier, we will use pipes for a warm floor. And we will have the most common heating batteries - with hot water inside

To reduce the costs associated with the operation of combined systems, the same radiators can be installed only where there is a real need for them: they are not needed in storerooms and in some other technical rooms. But with the onset of real frosts, it is better not to save on your own health, but to warm up the premises at full capacity. But what is the collector for this combination:

When making warm walls in your house, you should remember that you need to be extremely careful when hammering nails into them to decorate them with pictures or sconces.

The distribution of heat is carried out mainly by means of infrared radiation. Such flows are very favorably perceived by our body. If heated water is used as a coolant, then the pipes are connected by separate branches using a beam scheme.

By the way, the walls can be used not only for heating, but also for cooling the room. If we need warmth in winter, then in hot summer none of us will refuse the coolness that will be kept indoors if cold water is passed through the pipes. Such cooling will be very useful.

Other combined systems

You are unlikely to be able to find an exhaustive list of combinations and combinations of heating devices and coolants anywhere. And yes, you probably don't need it. After all, the choice of combination depends entirely on your own capabilities and needs. And these factors are individual. Turning to specialists, you can find only your best option.

And then, for example, in the off-season, you will kindle a fireplace that will solve all problems quickly and efficiently. In winter, it will play a more decorative function, and the main load will fall on the heating system with a boiler that runs on liquid fuel and heats the heating radiators.

Such a fireplace, of course, evokes pleasant associations and in a private house it is always appropriate, especially if in winter the main heating is provided by a completely different, much more powerful heater.

In the south of our country, a combination of a gas boiler and a solar collector is often used. They are combined into a single heating system, which is equipped with automation. If there are many sunny days during the year, such a scheme will be effective. During the summer, domestic water heating will be carried out without the participation of gas equipment. The northern regions have other priorities. For example, in Sweden, the use of heat pumps is very popular, allowing you to use the heat of the earth to heat your home.

We hope that the options described in this article will help you navigate the variety of offers and make the right choice.

Depending on district heating efficiency, thermal comfort requirements and design considerations, it may be necessary to combine independent heating units with different designs in one common individual heating system.

Combined heating systems consist of two or more sources of heat generation.

There are a lot of heating combinations of this kind, for example:

air heat pump in combination with gas, solid fuel or;
solar panels in combination with an infrared ceiling system "Zebra" and "warm floor";
radiators combined with infrared heaters or one of the types of boilers.

And this is not all possible approaches to providing comfortable heating. It should be noted that all modern heating units are reliable, safe and economical to use. Each of them has its pros and cons, which we will now discuss.

Note!
Combined heating of a country house or apartment can be done both for emergency heating and for continuous provision of thermal resources.
But keep in mind that it will be more expensive than any other one type of heating (at least for initial stage over time, the costs will pay off).

Air source heat pump - the main source of heat

Before considering the positive and negative sides of existing heating units, let's talk a little about air. We took it as the main heat generator, with which other types of heating devices can be combined.

Attention!
The pump is just our main source of heat as an example.
You can choose another main heating system and then combine it with various boilers, infrared systems, solar panels, etc.

We are all used to air conditioners that create a pleasant coolness in stuffy rooms. Cold air enters the room, and hot air goes out into the atmosphere. What if you do the opposite? In this case, the heat will go into the room (by the way, heated by the sun is everywhere, even when it is -20 ° outside) - the principle of operation of the air pump is precisely this.

It takes heat from the atmosphere, "multiplies" it and uses it to heat the room and heat water. By the way, this device perfectly functions in typical Russian climatic conditions: from -25°C to +35°C.

Additional heating units

So, in our example, the main heat source is an air source heat pump. Now let's look at what types of other heat generators can be installed in the house along with a pump (or any other main heating system).

Heating boilers

All boilers are divided according to the type of fuel used: gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel, electric and combined.

Each type of boiler has its own advantages and disadvantages.

gas boilers- the most common in our country. If there is a centralized gas system nearby, then you can safely choose this type.

Pros:

affordable fuel price;
high efficiency (92%);
ease of management, since most gas models are automated (that is, you can set the desired temperature with your own hands and not follow the entire process, as well as control the boiler from a distance);
due to automatic control, such units are economical;
a wide range of designs: single-circuit - for heating, double-circuit - for heating and water heating, with a built-in boiler;
a wide range of models: both floor and wall - this allows you to install in any place convenient for the user.

Disadvantages:

obligatory supply of the gas main to the house;
obtaining permission to use gas equipment in the relevant authorities.

Liquid fuel, diesel boilers.

Advantages:

perfectly operated in the absence of a centralized gas system;
high efficiency;
ease of operation (most models have automated control);
the possibility of rebuilding the boiler for natural gas by replacing the burner.

Disadvantages:

very high price of liquid fuel (when compared with other types);
the high cost of the boiler itself with a burner;
noisier work;
the need to deliver and store liquid fuel in a specially designated room in a special container;
rapid contamination of the boiler from burning diesel fuel;
domestic fuel often still has to be purified from water, resins, sand and other impurities;
plus, domestic diesel fuel contains a lot of sulfur, the combustion of which accelerates the corrosion process of the boiler, chimneys and equipment in general.

Electric boilers– combined heating with the use of electric energy. If there is no gas supply in the village, and it is possible to pay decent electricity bills, then you can stop at this type of boiler.
To date, there are two types of electric boilers: with direct heating (with the help of heating elements) and electrode (a discharge of electricity is supplied to the liquid, which heats it).

Advantages:

environmental friendliness;
security;
lack of a chimney;
acceptable cost of the device;
compactness;
silent operation;
automated control (management instructions are attached to each unit);
wide the lineup allows you to harmoniously fit the unit into the overall interior of the house.

Disadvantages:

very impressive consumable electric power;
to connect a high-power boiler, permission from the relevant authorities will be required;
a decent amount for electricity every month (unless, of course, this unit is used as a backup heat source).

Solid fuel boilers- it is rational to use where gas is not carried out and there are constant surges in electricity.

Advantages:

low price for boilers;
availability of solid fuels (firewood, wood chips, sawdust, coal, pellets);
acceptable fuel cost;
profitability;
normal efficiency;
Today, the assortment also includes automated models of solid fuel boilers, which facilitates their operation.

Disadvantages:

harmful carbon monoxide gases constantly emitted into the atmosphere;
loading fuel into the furnace on their own;
the need for regular replenishment of wood stocks;
2-3 times a month you will have to clean the furnace and chimney from soot;
the inability to regulate the temperature regime (unless, of course, the boiler is automated).

– universal option(how it looks, you can see in the photo). In such units, as a rule, 2 or more burners are installed, for various kinds fuel.
Built-in types of burners are the main parameter for dividing combined devices into subgroups:

Gas-fired heating boiler - interruptions in gas supply and rising fuel prices are not terrible;
Gas-diesel - such a unit will easily provide high heating power and comfort in a large area;
Gas-diesel-firewood - has extended functionality, but you have to pay for it with lower efficiency and low power;
Gas-diesel-electricity is an effective heating option for a house of any size;
Gas-diesel-wood-electricity - an improved boiler. It can be said that it provides complete independence from possible external problems (electricity surges, interruptions in gas supply, rising fuel prices).

Finally

What we have considered in our article is only a small part of the possible approaches to home heating. The scheme of combined heating can be very different and multifunctional.

But the most important thing is to think carefully about everything so that the result is a really convenient, efficient and inexpensive heating system. In the video material presented, you can find additional information on this topic, which we hope will be useful to you.