Everyone should know how the payment for heating in an apartment is calculated. This information will help you figure out what is included in the price. At the same time, its formation takes place on the basis of certain documents.
Important Calculations
How is the heating calculated in the apartment? The relevant government decree approves the procedure for settlements and submission of documents. There is a certain procedure for the provision of utilities to the owners of apartments and residential buildings. Another resolution approved the rules for providing similar services to all citizens of the Russian Federation.
When faced with the question of how to calculate the heating fee, it is necessary to be guided by the rules adopted initially and later. Although only the latest 2011 version should be used, the transition period is ongoing. Local government authorities at the regional level determine the list required documents to be followed.
How to calculate payment for heating according to the rules established by Decree No. 354? The prescribed procedure determines the collection of payments not for the entire year, but only for the heating period. If the place of residence of the subject is the Moscow region, and charges for heat are made only during the period from October to May, then you can safely be guided by the information provided. If the number of months differs, it is necessary to act according to the rules established by Decree No. 307.
Paying only during heating seasons makes the calculation process much easier and more convenient. This is a significant achievement and a plus for residents. In practice, it becomes clear that the heating fee set at a later period for residential premises is slightly higher than the amount accepted earlier. This is due to the fact that payments were divided over all 12 months. In most cases, this leads to inconvenience.
How is the amount of payment for heat in apartments calculated? The calculation algorithm is influenced by a number of factors. Among them are:
- the presence in residential premises (apartment buildings) of one meter;
- availability of heat meters in each apartment and non-residential premises;
- the presence of distributors (they must be in half of the non-residential and residential premises of an apartment building).
Calculation formula
According to the rules, if heat is metered using a common house appliance, it will be possible to calculate the fee based on the established parameters. Consumption standard thermal energy for heating can vary in each specific region of the country. It determines the number of gigacalories that are needed to heat the area within 30 calendar days.
The heating tariff is approved individually for each region by local authorities. We are talking about the cost of 1 Gcal for heating. An important parameter is the area of \u200b\u200bliving premises. It should be taken into account that the heated area of the room does not include a balcony or loggia.
- heating standard.
- The total area of a residential or non-residential type of premises.
- A certain cost of consumed energy (thermal).
If you understand the calculation formula in more detail, then you need to multiply the number of gigacalories for heating a room by the price of 1 hl, and then multiply by the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment.
Calculation under other conditions
To calculate the payment for energy in the absence of meters in an apartment building, but in the presence of a common house appliance, you must follow the calculation procedure below. The payment according to the described procedure is charged exclusively in those houses where there are no meters in absolutely all apartments and non-residential premises.
The formula used involves first calculating the ratio of the total area of an individual dwelling to the total area of dwellings. Further, the obtained value must be multiplied by the cost of thermal energy and by the number of gigacalories that were consumed during the estimated period of time. The amount of energy expended is determined based on the readings of a common house appliance.
If not all apartments are equipped with meters, but, for example, only 95%, the above algorithm can be used for the calculation.
The payment for heat according to it in a simplified version is carried out using the total amount of heat energy used in the house. The share of each apartment must be calculated. The resulting amount of heat consumed must be multiplied by the current tariff suitable for a particular region.
Counters of various types
Calculation of the payment for heating has some features if a general measuring device and separate meters to measure the amount of heat in all apartments (this does not only apply to residential premises). The main thing is to clarify the availability of accounting devices in all apartments.
In this case, the formula includes the following indicators. They take the amount of heat used in a particular facility (applies to residential and non-residential premises). It is determined on the basis of indicators taken from individual or general meters related to the apartment metering device. They determine the amount of a communal resource, thanks to which they satisfy the general needs of the house. At the same time, they are equipped with collective devices that allow you to accurately take into account the expended thermal energy.
The total area of the house is taken into account, in which many apartments are concentrated, related to residential or non-residential real estate, as well as the total area in a separate individual object located in this multi-apartment building. Be sure to take into account the cost of heat for each region.
The payment can be made if the following calculations are made: the area of the apartment is divided by the area of the house and multiplied by the amount of energy provided for the total needs of the entire building with apartments. Then add up with the amount of energy consumed in the first room. In the last step, you need to multiply the resulting figure by the active tariff.
The essence of this payment option lies in the fact that the amount of heat consumed by the residents of one apartment is increased by a part of the heat spent within the general needs of the house.
If the final number exceeds the prepaid amount, it will be credited towards the payment the person plans to make. If you get a smaller value, you will need to pay extra. The action is based on corrective mechanisms.
With distributors
What to do if distributors are installed? These are sensors that are installed on batteries from the outside. They take into account the amount of heat given off by the batteries to the external environment. This device is similar to a counter, but it functions differently.
If you follow the rules for the provision of communal services, you need to take into account that government decree No. 354 has a certain norm. Accounting for housing and communal services determines the use of distributor readings in the calculation process.
A multi-storey building must have a common house accounting device designed for collective purposes. It is also important that the distributors be installed in such a number of apartments, which together make up more than half of all residential and non-residential premises.
If these requirements are met during the year, 1 time (if the residents decide, then more often) payment for heat energy based on switchgears will be adjusted taking into account the readings of the sensors.
Calculation formulas contain indicators:
- The payment for heating in a certain room equipped with a sensor for the time period subject to adjustment.
- The number of apartments and non-residential premises in one multi-apartment building, which are equipped with special measuring devices.
- The total number of distributors that are in one room of a residential property.
- The part of the heat energy consumed service that is allocated to an individual distributor. This share is taken into account in the amount of heat consumed in each room equipped with sensors.
Early ruling
According to document No. 307, the payment rules are subject to the availability of energy measuring devices in a building with many apartments. Settlement manipulations are reduced to charging fees throughout the year.
The amount that tenants pay for their energy consumption is subject to change.
The monthly amount for heating in rooms of different types in multi-apartment buildings with distributors is calculated according to a similar formula that is used for apartments with meters. It is enough to multiply the total area of a residential facility by the amount of heat energy consumed for the previous period (year). The resulting figure is multiplied by the tariff.
The amount of payment is adjusted every year according to a certain formula. It takes into account the amount of payment for heat, which is taken from the metering equipment common to the building. A fee is taken into account according to the standard value in apartments that do not have a sensor. You need to know other indicators noted in the rules. For example, this is the share of payment amounts related to a particular measuring device.
Each person should not have any difficulties in the process of calculations. It is necessary to constantly monitor ongoing changes in the law in order to take into account tariff increases and other criteria.
If you have any difficulties, you can contact the appropriate authorized service at the place of residence.
According to the current legislation, the calculation of heating in an apartment building is carried out in accordance with the current tariffs. Calculation of the tariff can be carried out both with the help of heat meters and with the help of established standards for the volume of consumption of thermal energy.
If the building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between common house meters and devices installed in individual apartments is evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete picture of such moments, you need to figure out how heating is calculated in an apartment building.
Calculation of payment according to standards
Understand how payment for heating is calculated according to the standard, and you need to use this technique only in cases where there are no meters at all in an apartment building, neither general nor individual.
Calculation of heating according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:
- P i = S i x N T x T T , where
- S i - the total area of the room that consumes thermal energy,
- N T is the normative value of heat consumption,
- T T is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.
By substituting the required values into the formula, you can calculate the cost of heating. The consumption standard may vary depending on the region, so you need to look for the required value in the relevant regulatory documents. Tariffs are also individual, and before you calculate the heating according to the standard, you need to find out the specific values.
Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building
Next, you need to figure out how heating is considered in an apartment building if there is a common meter. It is worth noting that common building heat meters in an apartment building save money for all residents. Provided that such a device is available, the calculation of heating is carried out in accordance with its indications. What is important is that individual metering devices can already be installed in individual apartments, but if not every apartment has them, then the calculation is still carried out according to general indicators.
The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:
- P i \u003d V D x S i /S about x T T , where
- T T is the tariff cost of heat, set for a particular region by a local supplier,
- V D - the total amount of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the entrance and exit from heating circuit building,
- S i - the total area of a heated apartment, not equipped with an individual metering device,
- S about - the total heated area in the entire building.
Substitution of specific values is carried out in the same way as in the previous example. When the formula takes into account all the necessary values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.
Calculation of heating according to individual meters
Now it’s worth figuring out how payment for heating an apartment is calculated, provided there is a meter. If each apartment in the house is equipped with its own meter (at least a common one), then the calculation of the heating fee can be calculated according to its readings. The cost of heat in this case is formed from the total heat, which was taken into account by an individual meter, and the level of general house consumption.
- P i \u003d (V i n + V i one x S i / S about) x T KR, where
- V i n - the total amount of consumed thermal energy recorded by an individual meter,
- V i one - the amount of thermal energy spent on heating non-residential premises throughout the house (defined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
- S i is the total area of the apartment,
- S about - the total area of all heated rooms in the building.
Calculation of heating in communal apartments
By and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how heating charges are calculated in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payment for each room.
If you nevertheless carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get a formula of the following form:
- P j . i = V i x S j . i / S k i x T T , where
- S j . i - living area of a separate room,
- S k i - the total area of all rooms available in a communal apartment.
Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always the minimum.
Calculation of autonomous heating
Apartment buildings can do without centralized heating - their own boiler room is used to supply heat. Problems may arise with how to calculate heating in an apartment building under this condition - the calculation formula is quite complicated and not very convenient. The volume of thermal energy is measured in GKAL - what it is and how it is considered, we will discuss further.
The calculation formula is as follows:
- P o i \u003d E v x (V cr i x S i / S about x T KR V), where
- V cr i - the amount of energy used to generate thermal energy,
- T CR V is the cost of this resource, which is determined by current energy prices,
- S i - area of individual living quarters,
- S about - the total area of the building.
Heat meters
In accordance with current legislation, heat meters must be installed mandatory. An important point - the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.
The work of heat meters is to measure the temperature difference between the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the system, while simultaneously taking into account the volume of the coolant received. There are two main types of meters - tachometric and ultrasonic. The latter cost an order of magnitude more expensive, but the high price pays off with higher measurement accuracy and reliability.
When buying a meter, you must definitely check whether it is certified and whether it can be used for heat metering. The installed heating meter must be sealed by specialists who have the right to perform such work. Verification of devices is carried out every four years.
The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but keep in mind that the installation will require a number of additional elements:
- control valve;
- Cleaning filter;
- Stop valve.
You will have to pay a lot for additional elements. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tie-in, piping and connecting the meter - these works can only be performed by companies with the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may even be higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.
When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:
- Preparation of the plant project.
- Coordination of the project with the supplier of heating services.
- Carrying out primary verification and registration of the meter.
- Putting the device into operation.
Of course, the cost of a heat meter and installation work is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings when paying for heating.
Conclusion
Calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. The choice of the correct calculation method depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.
Payment for utilities, and especially heating, takes a huge share of the salary and pension of any citizen of the Russian Federation. Benefits, innovations, legislative acts do not reduce the problem at all. The recommended heat metering devices were supposed to reduce the amount of payments, but in reality this did not happen. The owners who installed the appliances complain about wasted money.
Until July 10, 2018, 3 calculation formulas were used, the choice of which depended on the following factors:
- is there a meter in the residential area;
- payment system taking into account only the cold season;
- payment system with monthly payments for the whole year.
With a collective meter installed in a multi-storey building and individual type devices, the price of the service required a certain calculation formula. In reality, it looks like this: the derivative of the volume of all thermal energy that is supplied to the house is taken as a basis, and then it is distributed to the share of housing. The share was determined by the area occupied by the residential facility. The result obtained was multiplied by the tariff rate of the region and the calculation for paying for heating in the cold season is ready.
With monthly payments throughout the year, the calculation of the price is equal to the multiplication of the average monthly volume of heat consumed by total area apartments and standards.
If there is an individual type heat meter, the total amount of heat consumed according to the meter readings and the heat absorbed by common property is multiplied by the share of the apartment, and the result is multiplied by the tariff rate of the region.
And now the question is: how to pay for heat in apartment buildings, where individual heat meters are not installed in all apartments? The legislation interprets the answer as follows: the calculation is carried out according to formulas that do not involve the installation of meters in any apartment. It turns out that if you have a meter and your neighbor does not, you will pay the same, at general rates.
Justice will prevail
The Constitutional Court recognized the rules for charging fees as inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This applies to Article 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the points approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, which refer to the provision of public services to apartment owners and users of premises in apartment buildings.
The case before the Constitutional Court concerned the complaint of citizen S. Deminets. This resident of the Moscow region has real estate in an apartment building, in which public and private meters have already been installed. All devices were installed before the commissioning of the house, which is documented. However, some residents arbitrarily dismantled individual meters, so they began to pay at the general rate.
Before the start of the heating season in 2016, the management company recalculated the heating costs and divided the amount among all residents, taking into account the area of each owner's apartment. It turned out that the tenants, where there are metering devices, the amount for payment turned out to be much higher than they paid according to the meters. This made Mr. Deminets S. turn to management company to solve the problem. The answer came immediately: heating costs are calculated taking into account the square meters of the occupied area, all according to the law.
The court also sided with the Management Company, finding no violations. However, the Constitutional Court decided that the established rules violate the rights of bona fide users. However, at the same time, the Constitutional Court also supported the requirements of the Criminal Code to pay for the service, regardless of the actual (shown by metering devices) consumption volumes.
As a result, the judges ordered the Government to amend the existing procedure for paying for housing and communal services, and also pointed out the need to recalculate the amounts of payments for heat to bona fide tenants - the recalculation will be carried out taking into account the readings of individual metering devices. From homeowners who dismantled the meters, payment will be taken according to established standards.
Recently, the media presented interesting news to the people's court, and dubbed it with the appropriate headlines: "The Constitutional Court allowed the citizens of the Russian Federation to pay for heat by meters", "The Constitutional Court allowed saving on heating."
Why did the Constitutional Court make such a decision?
The decision appeared not just like that, it was preceded by a long history. We will describe it briefly. So, one of the multi-storey new buildings was equipped with a collective heat metering device, and personalized meters were installed in all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises (common property).
Some residents of the multi-storey building decided to dismantle the devices themselves. In 2016, the management company recalculated payments for heat energy. After that, all property owners began to pay in accordance with the data of the general counter.
Sergey Demints, the owner of an apartment in this building, did not agree with this situation, since he did not dismantle individual metering devices. In his opinion, such a distribution is unfair, and unscrupulous owners enrich themselves at the expense of those owners in whose apartment individual devices are installed.
In search of justice, the plaintiff went to the Constitutional Court. He appealed that some provisions for the provision of public services to property owners have led to the encouragement of dishonest behavior of other owners.
According to the decision of the Constitutional Court, the existing rules must be amended at the federal level, since the current legislation violates the constitutional principles of equality of Russian citizens.
Expert opinion
First of all, Russians are interested in whether the case really deserves such high-profile epithets as those used, for example, by federal-level channels? And one more, no less relevant question, why until 2018, despite numerous appeals from people, the existing payment rules were not changed in any way, despite the fact that they contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation?
According to experts, earlier there were appeals with such a problem, but there were not so many concerned citizens. In addition, the accrual rules in accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, which were adopted back in 2005 and only in 2011 made some amendments, were beneficial to management companies.
The management companies kept to themselves the “difference in tariffs” - this is the difference between the charges to property owners by square meters and the readings of collective heat devices, according to which, in fact, the payment for thermal energy of the resource supply company was made.
Many multi-storey buildings are not equipped with heat meters, which contributes to the ability of the heat supply organization to receive excess profits. It often happens that in the accruals according to the "calculation" the volumes of accrued heat energy are higher than the amount actually consumed.
Why were such rules adopted at all?
The adoption of such norms is due to the fact that it is quite difficult to accurately calculate how much heat each apartment consumes. Heat transfer comes not only from radiators, but also from pipelines, which can be located in an adjacent room. Therefore, it was decided that apartment house is a single heating system. As a result, in a short time, the provisions contributed to the fact that the behavior of unscrupulous owners was encouraged.
The Constitutional Court did not recognize the controversial paragraph of the Rules as unconstitutional as a whole. And it was decided that it does not comply with the Constitution of Russia to the extent that these provisions - in the sense given in the current system of legislation, do not provide for the possibility of taking into account the readings of personalized devices when determining the amount of payment for housing and communal services.
Can citizens of the Russian Federation demand a recount?
The biggest problem that will appear soon is that many owners will "run" to install individual appliances, and then go to the management company with the requirement to calculate heat consumption from meters.
Since personalized devices are not available in all apartments, it will be legitimate to take into account the readings of such devices, because the provisions of the Rules are subject to application, but taking into account the clarifications of the Constitutional Court.
And his decision is such that if all the premises in the house (residential and non-residential) are equipped either during construction or after major repairs with personalized heat energy meters, then it does not matter whether the neighbor has a meter or not. Everyone pays according to the meter.
Only those citizens of the Russian Federation who challenged the accrual in court have the right to demand recalculation, and they were refused, referring to the standards that are now recognized as unconstitutional.
About savings with the help of individual heat meters
Is it possible to significantly save by installing a meter in the apartment? The answer to the question is positive. The pay difference will be significant. And no other utility service has such a big difference between charges and instrument readings.
It often happened that the street was "drowned" when the heat loss reached up to 60%. And the costs fell on the owners of apartments. Now heat losses are small, and the norms by which heat consumption per m2 is calculated are still old. The difference sometimes differs by 10 times.
However, some experts believe that it will not be possible to save much. The fact is that there are common areas of the house, corridors, entrances, etc. They are also heated. And the landlord pays for everything.
And it may also be that an unscrupulous neighbor will cut off the heat supply to his battery and start to warm up from other apartments. Through the walls, the heat will go towards the low temperature regime, and it turns out that for one owner the device will show more consumption, and the one who decided to save in this way will pay less.
I received another payment for a communal apartment and was stunned. The heating bill reaches 4.5 thousand rubles. Moreover, it cannot be said that the batteries are especially hot. How to explain it? Many Russians are asking themselves a similar question this winter. After all, tariffs for thermal energy have not changed since January 1, 2018, and the amount has often increased. So that everyone can calculate whether we are charged, we will tell you how the calculation is carried out.
If there is a public meter
If a high-rise building is equipped with a common house metering device, then residents pay for heating according to the fact: how much they spent on heating the house, they will take that much, dividing the amount in proportion to the footage of the apartments. The larger the apartment, the more expensive.
To find out how much was spent on a particular living space, you need to divide the area of \u200b\u200byour apartment by the total area of \u200b\u200bnon-residential, but heated premises in the house. We multiply the amount received by the volume that was required to heat the house, and again by the established tariff. The initial data for the calculation can be obtained from the Criminal Code. For example, heating a 10-story building requires 350 gigacalories. The apartment has an area of 50 square meters. All premises occupy 15,000 square meters. The tariff for heat is 1800 rubles per 1 gigacalorie. Substituting the data into the formula, we get 1890 rubles.
The meter is standing, but we pay for heat all year round
Even with a meter, heating charges can be charged throughout the year. In this case, the total amount in the payment is determined as the product of the tariff, the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, the average monthly volume that was required to heat the house for the previous year. We must divide the result obtained by the area of all apartments and non-residential premises in the house. The tariff, the area of the apartment and the house are the same, and the amount of thermal energy, determined according to the readings of the common house meter for the previous year, is 1900 gigacalories (we divide this figure by 12 months). We get 948 rubles.
If there is no heat meter
The easiest way to calculate the payment for heating in a house in which there is no meter. If heating is paid only during the heating period, then the amount of the fee is determined as the product of the area of the apartment, the standard for the consumption of utility services for heating and the tariff. If you have to pay for heating all year round, you need to multiply the amount of heating payment received by the number of months of the heating period (for example, from October to April) and divide by 12 months.
Housing calculator
Recently, the Ministry of Construction presented a unified methodology for determining the amount of payment for housing, which includes the maintenance and current repairs of common property in the house. According to it, the municipalities will be able to establish the procedure for regulating the payment for housing, if the owners have not determined its size at the general meeting. The main "fork" is whether to determine the cost of maintenance fees for residential premises by type of houses or based on the set of works that the management company performs. Then the tenants could use this set as a "calculator".
According to Svetlana Razvorotneva, Executive Director of the National Center for Public Control in the Housing and Public Utilities Sector, ZhKKH Control, setting the cost of housing services by types of houses will make it possible to severely limit the growth in the cost of this service. In addition, this technique is easier to apply - residents can easily understand what type of house they have. Although the disadvantages are also obvious - there are many houses in Russia and each has its own characteristics.
An alternative approach involves listing a set of jobs that should be carried out in the house, based on its specifications and degree of improvement. In this case, the tariff is individual for each house.
Razvorotneva believes that tenants need a "calculator" of the fee so that they can check the correctness of the fee set by the Criminal Code. And contractors need it to set an economically justified tariff, and not be guided by average calculations of municipalities, which are often far from reality.
point-blank question
If there are no meters in the house, then the size of the payment for heating during the year and from year to year should not change. With metering devices, the fee may differ.
Objectively, the size of the payment for heating depends on the temperature outside, the lower the degree, the higher the payment. But often this dependence is not respected. This is because heat supply organizations are interested in maximizing profit from the sale of heat. Even if a meter is installed in the house, they are ready to supply thermal energy in an overestimated volume. It is not difficult to check this: if there is an overflow in the house and the residents are forced to open the windows, this certainly means that the thermal workers are abusing their monopoly position, - says Vladilen Prokofiev, director of the Urban Economy department of the Institute of Urban Economics.
Management companies should ensure that thermal workers do not misbehave. But, unfortunately, they do not always fulfill their duties. Citizens need to fix the fact of overflow. The existing temperature range is 18-25 degrees. If there is more on the thermometer, invite a representative of the Criminal Code, who will draw up an act. After that, you need to request a recalculation.
There is another way. Based on the results of the heating season, it is necessary to calculate the amount of heat that the house should have consumed if the thermal workers complied with the requirements of the law. It is better to involve a professional for this. Compare the results of the calculation with the volumes set by the metering device. If the numbers are very different, then ask for a recalculation.