Electric heating private house - one of the options autonomous heating if it is not possible to connect to the central gas pipeline network. There are a lot of such settlements and settlements in Russia, so the owners of private households have to solve the issue of heating the house and ensuring it. hot water. Today it is difficult to imagine a normal home without modern amenities, so you will need to choose a sufficiently powerful heating boiler on the advice of specialists.
How to choose heating equipment
It is often much easier to equip the electric heating of a private house with your own hands than to install and maintain a gas heater in the future. For a gas stove, it is imperative to obtain permission from a specialized organization, and only after all the paperwork has been completed, it will be possible to lay pipes and connect to radiators. An electric boiler will not cause any bureaucratic hassle, and it can be installed very quickly.
Economical electric heating of a private house is possible if you choose the right equipment according to several parameters:
- The power of the electric boiler. It depends on this whether he will be able to effectively heat all the premises of the house, as well as heat water for all points of water intake.
- Control type. cheap boilers have a regulator for manual control, electronic devices are able to work for a long time without human intervention at all.
- The presence or absence of a circulation pump. Modern models double-circuit boilers can rightfully be called mini-boiler rooms: circulation pumps and expansion tanks are already built into them, which will ensure the optimal functioning of the system.
For a normally insulated house with plastic windows installed, the amount of heat required is 1 kW per 10 square meters. meters, but if the insulation is not enough, heat loss will increase significantly. Before installing the electric boiler, it is advisable to carry out a partial repair, having thoroughly insulated all surfaces.
Automatic equipment is more expensive, but it will be doubly beneficial, as it can be set to work in economy mode. Such a boiler will constantly maintain uniform heating in the house, and there will be a comfortable temperature in the rooms.
How an electric heating boiler works
An electric boiler works on the same principle as a solid fuel or gas equipment. Due to heating elements or induction installations, water is heated in the heat exchanger, through which it enters the heating batteries. There she cools down, passing thermal energy air in the room, after which the cooled liquid is again sent to the boiler. The system can work flawlessly for a very long time, especially if you take care of regular preventive maintenance of pipes and radiators.
How to create electric heating for a private house with your own hands: the schemes are easy to find on the net, but you need to know what laws the system will work in order to prevent accidents or any malfunctions. The heating scheme includes the following main elements:
Electric boilers have one very serious drawback: they are completely dependent on the supply of electricity, and if it is turned off, the owner will not be able to change anything. In case of serious accidents on the power grids, the house can be left without heat for many days, so you need to provide for the possibility of alternative heating.
It is quite possible to install an electric heating system on your own, this work usually takes a little time. It is necessary to choose a floor or wall-mounted boiler equipment and familiarize yourself with the basic installation rules.
Wall-mounted boilers must be installed on even walls made of non-combustible material. If they need to be installed in wooden house, a sheet of non-combustible material is first fixed on the wall.
The floor boiler must stand on a level surface, it must also be non-flammable. Before installation, you need to read the instructions and outline a plan for the location of future communications. The system assembly process itself can be divided into several stages:
For a cottage, a system with forced circulation and the installation of a separate boiler is most suitable: a single-circuit boiler will work for heating, and water will be heated in the boiler for water use.
Installation work can be carried out independently, but it is still better to take the advice of professionals to avoid design and installation errors. This is especially true for work with electricity: if you have not dealt with them before, it is better to entrust them to someone experienced in order to avoid tragic consequences. After the assembly of the system, a complete check and pressure testing is carried out.
The heating system can be open and closed: the first option is more suitable for small house: expansion tank in this case, it is not insulated and is not covered by a lid. Air bubbles come out through it so that they do not form in the pipes air locks. In closed systems, on the contrary, the tank is completely sealed, and the system gets rid of excess air using a special valve.
What are combined boilers
Insofar as electric heating is expensive, you can use an alternative solution and choose a boiler capable of operating on two types of fuel. For example, you can purchase electrical equipment that can also perform the functions of a geyser. Or you can pick up a solid fuel boiler that can also work with electricity for some time.
As long as there are no interruptions in gas supply, such a boiler will work properly according to the generally accepted scheme, but as soon as any problems arise, it will be possible to switch to another type of fuel and thereby provide stable heating to the house.
A combined boiler is more expensive than usual, but such expenses will be quite justified: your house is guaranteed not to be left without heat, and even if one system fails, the second one will immediately be able to support it. At the same time, the temperature level will remain at the same values, and it will be comfortable to be in the room.
It is quite difficult to independently design and implement an individual heating system, but it is still possible. Your home will receive reliable heating, which will not depend on the presence or absence of gas pipes.
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Saying that the electric heating of a private house is now one of the cheapest solutions to heat your home, perhaps it will sound too sly.
But, due to some difficulties, often of a technical nature, arranging electric heating of a private house with your own hands is the most favorable way.
Currently, there are a lot of various options on the market that help in organizing electric heating with your own hands. And all of these options have their own characteristics.
The main requirement for all types of electric heating is the input power of the entire electrical system, which should correspond to the level of 4-5kW.
If we consider some of the systems, for example, such as an independent liquid electric heater, then we would like to note that this system requires a complex circuit diagram, this leads to unplanned expenses for the replacement of wiring in the house.
And electric heaters in general, regardless of the principle of operation, will not save your money, but rather provide you with unnecessary expenses.
Building the system yourself
The most popular way to install electric heating is the installation of a water-heating electric boiler.
You can either purchase it or make it yourself, but for this you will need some materials, namely, first of all, a tank and a heating element for it.
Before starting the creation of an electric heating system, it is imperative to install a zone electric meter.
This is necessary for the subsequent control of the electricity consumption of your boiler. The main advantage of such a meter is that at night it keeps records of the electricity that you consume in the ratio of 45% of its current consumption.
Materials necessary for the device of low-cost electric heating at home with your own hands
- Boiler. You can buy it in a store, you can also make it yourself from cutting an ordinary pipe.
- Tubular electric heaters, in simple words electric heaters. The required quantity, two pieces, and the power of one should be equal to two kilowatts, and the other three kilowatts. This is necessary in order to be able, in the future, to select and regulate heat transfer.
- An electric pump for circulating water through a pipe.
- Thermal relay, it is necessary to automatically turn off the heating elements after the desired water temperature is reached.
- Heating pipes, it is through them that hot water circulates.
- Heating radiators, they are designed for heat transfer in the room of your private house, respectively, will heat it.
This type of heating, made by hand, is mainly used in conjunction with a liquid or solid fuel boiler built into the heating system.
Then, being at home, you will control the heating of water in the fuel boiler. And at night, when you go to bed, the electric heating boiler turns on and the house will be heated automatically without your participation.
This type is suitable for heating any house, regardless of what size it is, and at the same time it will be possible to save a lot, only you need to change the volume of the boiler and the power of the heating elements.
Electric heating can be done without much effort, the main thing in this work is the electric boiler itself.
Heating with electricity is a fairly convenient, comfortable and modern type of home heating, which has only one significant drawback - the cost of electricity, which is necessary for this. But if other, more economical options, for one reason or another, are not suitable, then it is quite possible to use it as the main or additional one, especially since you can install the electric heating of a private house with your own hands. And how to do this, we will consider in this article.
Types of electric heating that can be used in a private house
Here we will look at how you can make your own electric water heating using an electric boiler TEN type. This is a more complex type of electric heating, as it requires correct installation and connection, both the heat source itself (boiler), and the entire system: pipes and radiators, stop valves, as well as additional equipment (circulation pump, expansion or hydraulic storage tank, safety unit, etc. But, at the same time, there is nothing particularly difficult in this work so that it cannot be done independently, especially using modern views materials: metal-plastic or plastic pipes.
Do-it-yourself water electric heating
The advantage of water electric heating is that, unlike other types: convectors, oil coolers, fan heaters or infrared radiators, a powerful heat source is installed in one place, convenient in terms of its connection and piping system, and can provide heat to several rooms or the whole house. At the same time, there is no need to make reinforced wiring throughout the house, but it is enough to ensure a reliable connection of the electric boiler itself.
The work is even more simplified if a water heating system with a boiler running on a different type of fuel (solid or liquid fuel, main or bottled gas) is already installed in the house. In this case, it would be most rational to mount an electric boiler in the system in parallel with the existing one and use one of them as the main one, and the other as an additional or backup one.
In any of these cases, it is necessary to start from the choice of the type and power of the electric boiler and its installation, as well as the choice of pipe material, the method of their connection and the wiring diagram.
Selection and installation of an electric boiler
First you need to decide on the type of electric boiler. It can be heating element, electrode (ionic) or induction. The first ones have already been tested by time and for their work it is desirable that the water in the heating system has the lowest possible hardness (distilled, rain or melt). In this case, less scale will form on the heating elements and the boiler will work with greater efficiency, more long time. Or, it is necessary to include a filter in the heating system, which will soften the water entering it.
Electrode boilers have a slightly higher efficiency, are structurally simple, but impose special requirements on the conductivity of the coolant, since in this case it is an electrolyte and must retain its characteristics throughout the entire operation of the electric boiler. Often, water in such systems is replaced with special liquids.
Besides, electric boilers can be single-phase (220 V) or three-phase (380 V). If electric heating will be used as an additional or for heating a small room, then a single-phase one can be used, and if it is planned to heat the whole house with electricity, then a three-phase one must be installed. True, this requires a three-phase input to the house.
TEN electric boilers, moreover, depending on the manufacturer, may structurally differ in the presence or absence of a circulation pump, degree of protection, methods of regulating the temperature of the coolant and power, as well as the location of the outgoing (supplying heated water) branch pipe. They can be with its lower or upper location. A boiler with a lower location of the supply pipe is convenient to use when installing electric heating in one-story houses with one-pipe or two-pipe bottom wiring. Boilers with a top exit location are more convenient to use in two-story houses or when they are located in a basement or basement.
You can also make a heating element electric boiler with your own hands from a piece of pipe, sheet steel and purchased heating elements. But for this it will be necessary to perform high-quality welding work and drilling holes in the metal for heating elements. In addition, such a home-made boiler will need to be equipped with control and protective automation, which also requires certain knowledge and skills.
Recently appeared on sale relatively the new kind electric boilers - induction, which use induction current for heating. Such boilers are distinguished by the fact that they have a high efficiency (up to 99 °) and a heat carrier heating rate (5-7 min.), Not demanding on its quality (it can be water, antifreeze or oil). The heating element of such boilers is usually a metal core in the form of a labyrinth, inside which the coolant circulates. The core is heated by the inductive current and transfers heat to the liquid. Among the disadvantages of such boilers, one can note their relatively large weight (25-40 kg), the possibility of using only in closed heating systems with a circulation pump, and a relatively high cost. In addition, such boilers have not been in operation for long enough to be sure of their long service life (manufacturers announce 30 years or more).
In addition, electric boilers differ in power. To choose the right boiler for this indicator, you can focus on the recommendation: 1 kW per 10 m2 of the room. Although the required power depends not only on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of the house, but also on their thermal insulation. But since the electric heating of a private house is quite expensive, it is desirable that the thermal insulation of the outer walls, ceilings, windows and doors be good enough.
Do-it-yourself electric boiler installation
Before installing the boiler, it is necessary to choose a place for it that would allow easy and correct wiring of the pipes of the heating system, convenient to connect, maintain and control the operation of the boiler itself. And for this you need to make detailed diagram placement of radiators and piping of the heating system of the house and choose the best option for the location of the boiler. Electric boilers, as a rule, have small dimensions. Therefore, it is easy to find a place for them on the ground floor of the house, in a dry basement or basement. TEN electric boilers are usually attached to the wall with dowels, and electrode boilers are installed directly on the pipes of the heating system or attached to the wall with clamps. Induction electric boilers, given their relatively large weight, it is better to install on the floor in an upright position.
Any type of electric boiler is connected to a separate machine in the electrical panel, designed for its maximum power, as well as to the ground loop, the resistance of which must be checked by specialists.
The choice of material and piping layout
In principle, both metal (steel or copper) and plastic or metal-plastic pipes can be used for electric heating of a private house. But the easiest way is to mount a heating system from metal-plastic pipes, especially using compression fittings. For the installation of such pipes, no special devices or special skills are required. It is enough to stock up on the required number of connecting fittings, adjustable wrenches and FUM tape for sealing threaded connections.
But such pipes also have disadvantages - the connections must be periodically checked and tightened. Especially after a long break from work. Otherwise, leaks may occur. Therefore, metal-plastic pipes with such connections cannot be embedded in walls.
More reliable are connections using press fittings, but they already require special mechanical or hydraulic press tongs. In addition, each type of such fitting uses its own tool. So for sliding press fittings, a special expander is required. But pipes with such connections can already be laid not only openly, but also hidden: in strobes, niches, under the floor.
More durable and reliable are considered electric heating systems mounted with the help of polypropylene pipes, which are especially popular in recent times, which are connected to the system by soldering. Learning how to solder such pipes is not so difficult. It is only necessary to purchase or rent a special device for soldering such pipes and purchase the required number of connecting elements. With the help of such pipes, you can carry out their hidden wiring in the floor, walls or niches.
Choosing a wiring diagram
In order to determine the required number and diameter of heating pipes, you need to select their wiring diagram and draw up a detailed wiring diagram indicating the locations of radiators, valves, additional equipment, as well as all the distances between them and pipe diameters.
The piping layout can be single-pipe, two-pipe or collector (beam). Since at present heating systems that use an electric boiler are, as a rule, of a closed type (with a membrane hydroaccumulating tank and an overpressure of about 1.5 atm.) And with forced circulation, then, in principle, any of these schemes. It all depends on whether you want to save on pipes or ensure the most convenient regulation of heat distribution over radiators. .
Heating pipe diameter
The diameter of the heating pipes is selected depending on the selected scheme and the diameter of the inlet (outlet) pipe of the boiler. In electric boilers, it is usually small - ¾ or 1 "" (19 or 25.4 mm - internal). That's why maximum diameter pipes will be the same. If it is ¾ '' (19 mm), then the supply line and the "return" will be of the same inner diameter, and the connection to the radiators - ½ '' (13 mm - internal), if it is 1 "", then the output and input ( return) with a two-pipe scheme, it can be the same, and after the first branching it can be replaced by ¾ "", and with a collector - 25 mm to the collectors and 13 mm wiring to the radiators.
On the marking of plastic and metal-plastic pipes, their outer diameter and thickness in mm are usually indicated. To find the inner diameter, subtract twice the wall thickness from the indicated value. So an inner diameter of ½ '' will correspond to a metal-plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 16 mm.
Installation of radiators, pipes and additional equipment
For electric heating, it is best to use modern steel, aluminum or bimetal radiators. They are distinguished by a small inertia - they heat up quickly, have good heat dissipation and an aesthetic appearance. The power (size) of radiators is selected according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which they are installed. They are installed, most often, under the windows, strictly horizontally - according to the level. They fix the radiators to the walls using brackets or dowels, which, as a rule, come with them.
After the boiler and radiators are installed, they begin to install heating pipes, valves and additional equipment: a circulation pump, a membrane tank, a safety unit (pressure gauge, safety and air valves). Some heating elements boilers already have a built-in circulation pump, in this case, the installation is simplified. If not, then it is installed on the "return", in front of the boiler. Before the circulation pump, a mechanical filter and a membrane hydroaccumulating tank are installed.
Although a system with forced circulation does not require obligatory observance of pipe slopes, as in a natural one, since the circulation here is provided by a circulation pump, they must still be observed so that, if necessary, all the water can be drained and that it does not get aired into the process of operation. The air must be able to rise freely through the system and be expelled by the automatic air valve. In addition, each radiator must be equipped with the same valve.
The safety box is best installed on the supply pipe at the highest point in the system. In this case, all air from the system will be removed through the air valve.
At the lowest point of the system, a drain valve is installed through which both draining and filling with water can be carried out. But, for the convenience of operating the system, you can install a separate tap for water supply, connecting the heating through it to the water supply system at home. If the water is hard at the entrance to the heating system, it is necessary to install a filter that reduces it (for example, with polyphosphate crystals).
Air pressure in membrane tank must correspond to the required pressure in the system or be 10% lower than it. Usually it is 1.5 atm. (bar). The overpressure value must be indicated in the instruction manual or in the passport of the electric boiler.
Do-it-yourself electric heating of a private house video
Electric heating is one of the modern, environmentally safe and convenient types of heating a private house, which, moreover, is not difficult to arrange with your own hands. The main limiting factors for the widespread use of this type of heating are the price of electricity and the possibility of supplying sufficient power. In this article, we will consider its main types and whether it is possible to make such an electric heating of a private house with your own hands.
Types of electric heating of a private house and the possibility of their device with their own hands
Electric heating of a private house can be divided into the following main types according to the type of devices that are used to convert electrical energy into heat:
- - electric convectors;
- - oil coolers;
- - fan heaters;
- -infrared heaters;
- -warm electric floors;
- -water electric heating using electric boilers.
In order to make electric heating of a private house with your own hands, you can use almost any of them. Some devices just need to be plugged into a power outlet by allocating a separate machine for them in the electrical panel. For others (water electric heating or underfloor heating), it is necessary to install the heating system, which is already more difficult, but if desired, this work can also be done by hand.
Now more about each of these types of electric heating of a private house, their features and feasibility of use.
Electric convectors
Electric convectors can be "dry" and liquid.
"Dry" electric convectors belong to devices of direct electric heating, as they directly convert electrical energy into thermal energy. They have a very low thermal inertia (they heat up and cool down quickly), high efficiency, they can, if necessary, be turned off for a long time even in the cold season without the threat of defrosting, since there is simply nothing to freeze and this is their main advantage over water electric heating. His appearance electric convectors are similar to panel radiators and can be wall-mounted or floor-mounted.
Electric heating of a private house using electric convectors is easy to arrange with your own hands. It is enough to install a convector of the appropriate power in each room and simply plug them into the socket. True, for each convector, a separate grounded power socket with a separate machine in the electrical panel must be allocated, and this must be provided for at the stage of wiring installation.
With electric heating of the entire private house in this way, a significant amount of electricity will be required (depending on the number of heated rooms). Therefore, having decided to use electric heating, it is necessary to take care of the appropriate input power to the house, and it is best to supply a three-phase current and install a billing electric meter. Even if you are going to use convectors designed for 220V for electric heating at home, it is better to distribute them in three phases, there will be less load on the electrical wiring.
The design of the heating elements of modern convectors is such that they do not burn oxygen and practically do not reduce the humidity in the room. Many models are equipped electronic thermostat and a programmable timer, which allows you to set each convector to an individual temperature regime.
With the right choice of temperature regime, the consumption of electricity for heating can be reduced by 30-40% for constant, and by 50-80% for periodic residence (cottage, country house).
The main costs for such electric heating of a private house are the cost of the convectors themselves and the electricity they consume. If you can afford it, then this is quite a suitable option for heating your home.
Liquid electroconvectors
Liquid electric convectors are electric radiators (mini-boilers) filled with water or non-freezing liquid. They can be wall-mounted, floor-mounted and movable. The heating elements of such convectors are usually made of stainless steel, and the housing is made of aluminum, which can withstand pressures up to 80 bar. Liquid convectors differ from “dry” convectors in greater inertness; after they are turned off, they can give off heat for some time.
Electric oil coolers
Such electric heaters are characterized by a sufficiently high efficiency, greater inertia compared to "dry" convectors and a sufficiently high safety of their operation. Although, on the other hand, oil is a flammable liquid and care must be taken when operating such heaters (do not leave them turned on unattended).
Oil radiators are usually made in a mobile version (on wheels), so it is better to use them as additional heating, moving to the room where additional heating is needed.
Infrared longwave heaters
This is a relatively new type of electric heating, the principle of operation of which is based on heating the floor surface or objects, from which the air in the room is already heated. This feature distinguishes long-wave infrared heaters from other types of electric heating. They allow you to regulate and maintain the desired temperature in each room separately.
This type of electric heating at home is easy to install with your own hands. To do this, it is necessary to purchase electrical equipment, wires for connection and thermostats in each room. Infrared heaters must be connected to separate machines in the electrical panel and grounding.
Such heating devices can be of several types:
- in the form of lamps with spiral heating elements and reflectors;
- panel;
- film.
Lamp and panel versions of emitters can be mounted on a wall or ceiling, and also be floor-mounted.
Film infrared heating elements are several millimeters thick and are usually mounted on the ceiling, which saves room space. They can be covered with ceiling lining (for example, drywall) and they will be completely invisible in the interior of the room, while heating it effectively.
It is also possible to use heaters of this type in the form of an ultra-thin warm floor. In this case, it is laid in a "dry" way, under the laminate.
Water electric heating of a private house
In order to arrange this type of electric heating of a private house, it is necessary to install a water heating system and install an electric boiler (heating element, electrode or induction). The advantage of this type of electric heating is that there is no need to connect heating devices in each room separately. The electric boiler is installed in a place convenient for connecting and distributing pipes, and heating radiators are installed in each room of the house.
If the house already has an installed water heating system, then it is enough to purchase and install an electric boiler in it, instead of the previous boiler or in parallel with it, it is possible to slightly re-equip the system and it is ready for operation.
The disadvantage of such electric heating of a private house can be considered the need to install the system (pipes, fittings, radiators) and the presence of water in the system (possible freezing or leakage).
Is it possible to do it yourself
If desired, the water electric heating system can be mounted by hand. To do this, you first need to decide on the type of electric boiler that you will use to heat the water in the system.
After that, it is necessary to choose the material of the pipes from which the electric heating system of the house will be mounted. It is best to install a closed forced water heating system at home from metal-plastic or plastic pipes with your own hands.
In addition, it is necessary to select and install heating radiators in each room. It is best to install bimetallic or aluminum, but they are more expensive, or you can use steel panel as an economy option.
If you arrange water electric heating with your own hands on the basis of an existing heating system with natural circulation, then it is desirable to make it compulsory by installing a circulation pump.
Most electric heating elements already have a circulation pump in their design. It is only necessary to check the compliance of its characteristics with the conditions of the existing water heating system, it may be necessary to install an additional one.
When using electrode electric boilers, the circulation pump will need to be installed by yourself (usually in front of the boiler). Otherwise, electric water heating and its installation are not much different from the installation of water heating using other thermal energy generators.
Electric underfloor heating
Electric heating of a private house with the help of underfloor heating in our time is becoming increasingly popular. With this method of electric heating, floor heating is carried out various types electric heating cable, which, depending on the type, can be embedded in the concrete screed of the base or laid directly under the floor surface.
The device for heating a private house with the help of electric underfloor heating with your own hands requires certain knowledge and experience.
First you need to decide on the type of electric floor heating, since its different types (heating cable, mats, ultra-thin film) have their own installation and connection features.
In any case, before installing an electric underfloor heating, it is necessary to carefully insulate the base under it so that the heat rises up to the floor, and does not dissipate.
Adjustment of the electric floor heating is carried out with the help of thermostats, which are usually installed on the wall in each room and can operate in manual and automatic modes.
Often, electric underfloor heating is not installed in all areas of the house, but only in the kitchen, toilet or bathroom, under ceramic tiles.
This type of electric heating of a private house is rarely used as the main one. Most often it is used as an additional source of heat, together with other heating systems.
Do-it-yourself economical electric heating of a private house
The most economical can be considered the electric heating, which uses equipment with the highest efficiency. Currently, convectors and infrared long-wave heaters can be considered as such. Although much here depends on the size of the house. So, if the house is large enough, then hydroelectric heating may be more efficient.
In addition, in order for the electric heating of a private house to be more economical, it is necessary to install a billing electric meter and organize the heating of the house so that it is turned on at the time of the lowest cost of electricity. In order to use the heat received at night and to heat the house during the day, it is possible to include a heat accumulator in the water heating system - a container that will accumulate heat at night and give it to the system during the day. In addition, it is necessary to take care of good thermal insulation of the structures of your house, so that the house retains heat for a long time or use other sources of thermal energy during the daytime. However, without good thermal insulation, any heating will be uneconomical.
Do-it-yourself electric heating of a private house video
Below you can watch a video about the installation of heating based on a heating element electric boiler.
One of the main issues that concern the owners of private houses is the choice of a method for heating a home. Firewood implies the presence of a furnace, and their annual harvesting is associated with certain worries and costs. Gas heating requires large investments in initial stage and permission from several instances, which will have to wait a long time. In addition, the cost of fuel is growing, and not all places have a supply of main gas, and you can’t get enough cylinders. Therefore, more and more people choose electric heating of a private house. This method is safe, environmentally friendly, convenient, reliable, economical. In European countries, it is now the most popular. Unlike gas, you can make an electric heating scheme for a private house with your own hands.
The basis of the system - an electric boiler - contains a heat exchanger, a control unit and a heating unit. Tubular electric heaters (abbreviated as heating elements) heat water, then it is sent through pipes, and they, in turn, heat the house.
The control unit constantly monitors the readings of the temperature sensors. If the temperature drops below a certain level, the circulation pump turns on and provides the entire system with the proper pressure. When the temperature reaches the required level, the heating mode and the pump are turned off.
The system has security measures in place. The boiler turns on only when there is the necessary pressure in the system. If the pressure rises, the safety valve opens. Overheating of the heating block leads to automatic shutdown of the entire boiler. The same happens if the voltage rises in the mains for some reason.
Types of electric boilers
In the electric heating circuit, there are two basic element: a boiler, as a source of energy conversion from electrical to heat, and a distribution network - pipes.
As can be seen from the diagram, the boilers are divided into:
- boilers that use tubular electric heaters (TENY). They are small in size and inexpensive. Require due to the formation of scale on the heating elements from time to time to replace these elements. Then the boiler will serve for a long time and reliably;
- boilers in which heating occurs as a result of the flow of current between two electrodes. The advantages of such a scheme are small dimensions and high power. The operation of such a boiler depends on the quality of the water supplied. Often it is replaced in boilers of this type with a special liquid;
- induction boilers use the energy of the induction field to heat the liquid. High efficiency, high heat carrier heating rate. The impressive dimensions of such boilers require a separate room, and the price requires considerable financial investments.
Advantages and disadvantages of the system
Benefits include:
- modern design of boilers allows you to fit them into any interior;
- boilers have a long service life;
- the electric heating system is easily controlled;
- power adjustment is carried out;
- an electric boiler can serve not only in the process of heating a house, but also provide hot water;
- compactness;
- noiselessness of work;
- economical investment;
- ease of use;
- small investments at the initial stage (no need to pay for laying pipes to the house, installing a chimney, installing sensors);
- security;
- environmentally friendly heating system;
- acceptable running costs.
The disadvantages include:
- electricity consumption. Here you can remember that electricity is billed differently at night than during the day. When installing a special meter at night, you can "gain" more heat. During the day, this energy must be divided using special batteries. In this way, you can save a lot of money;
- dependence on the voltage in the network. This may become a problem in some rural areas. Your own generator can help, however, this is an impressive investment of money at the initial stage;
- high power consumption.
Do-it-yourself electric heating
Is it possible to organize an electric heating scheme at home with your own hands? With certain skills and knowledge, this will not be difficult, and besides, it will be more economical than inviting a specialist for this. First you need to understand in what way it will be more convenient to carry out heating in a particular house. This can be done both according to the standard boiler-batteries scheme, and the so-called direct heating can be organized in the house, when each room can be heated autonomously. In this case, the owner wins in the costs associated with installation.
There are several ways to organize heating in the house:
- using a boiler;
- infrared heaters;
- warm floor;
- installation of convectors;
- use of oil coolers.
Heating using an electric boiler
This is the most difficult method of all. You need to choose a boiler, purchase pipes and radiators (batteries), properly mount the entire system, and then connect it. However, doing this work with your own hands is quite realistic.
The source of heat - the boiler - is installed in the most convenient place in the house from the point of view of the owners. It is enough to provide its connection, and it will be able to heat the whole house. You need to select the type and power of the boiler. You can make a boiler with your own hands using a piece of pipe, sheet steel and heating elements. But this requires certain tools, skills and knowledge, since you will have to perform welding work and drill metal. The power of the boiler can be determined based on the recommendation: 1 kilowatt per 10 square meters of the house.
Before installing the boiler with your own hands, you need to draw up a layout of the heating elements and piping. This will allow you to choose the most suitable place for the position of the boiler and in the future will eliminate problems with its connection, maintenance and control.
Boilers with heating elements are usually mounted on the wall, electrode boilers are installed on pipes, and induction boilers are installed on the floor due to their heavy weight. The connection to the source of electricity takes place in the shield to a separate machine, as well as to the ground loop.
Pipes for the system are suitable for both metal and plastic. And best of all - metal-plastic. It is not difficult to make a system of such pipes with your own hands. Pipes are fastened together with the help of connecting parts (fittings). From time to time they will have to be tightened, otherwise a leak may form. This can be avoided by using press fittings. It is necessary to install such connections with the help of special press tongs, however, pipes connected in this way can be laid hidden (in wall niches, under the floor). Polypropylene pipes are also popular. You can solder them with your own hands, you only need a special device.
Radiators ( heating appliances) you can use aluminum, steel, bimetallic. Their power should be selected based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room. They are usually attached to the walls under the windows.
Infrared heaters
Infrared heating is carried out using panels that are mounted on walls or ceilings. With the help of infrared radiation, these devices do not heat the air, but the surfaces of objects. They work silently, do not consume oxygen.
Examples of installing infrared heating in a house
Warm floor
Underfloor heating systems are divided into 3 main types:
- cable;
- heating mats;
- infrared electric floor.
Whichever method is chosen, it can be noted that the underfloor heating system does not dry the air, is environmentally friendly, and quickly heats up the room.
Installation of convectors
Convector - heater which heats up the air. Warm air rises and is replaced by cold air. Convectors use a heating element, not oil or water. These devices have increased protection against moisture, are safe, relatively inexpensive, and look aesthetically pleasing. A heating system based on convectors does not need to be installed, you can quickly put it into operation with your own hands. After switching on, the required temperature is set on each convector - and the space is heated.
Application of oil coolers
An oil cooler is a heating device containing special oil inside the body. When connected to the mains, the oil heats up, giving off heat to the body. By means of it, the air around the device is heated. Such radiators are mobile, do not dry out the air in the room, can be installed anywhere in the house, are equipped with an overheat protection system, are safe, and silent.
And there is another important point to be taken into account. The efficiency of electric heating depends on its good thermal insulation. It makes no sense to invest in expensive equipment if the heat does not stay in the house, but goes out through the cracks of windows and doors.
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