Not everywhere there is an opportunity to conduct main gas, but electricity is everywhere (almost). How and with what device it is possible to make electric heating of a private house, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method - about all this below.
Heating with electricity can be done in several ways. First of all, you should decide on the type of system you want to implement. It will be traditional water heating, air or underfloor heating. All three systems can be used as a single heating method, or combined - any two or even all three. To decide, you need to imagine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
This radiation does not heat the air, but passes freely through it, it falls on buildings and objects in the room and heats the surface. That's when the air in the room heats up. The advantage of radiant heating is an excellent microclimate - minimal dust and stable humidity and more efficient operation - thanks to radiation, thermal comfort is achieved at a lower temperature.
This ensures maximum thermal comfort with particularly economical operation. So, in terms of simple price, there would be no deal, right? So why is the number of households with electricity increasing? This question marks the construction of houses with a very low thermal heating demand and low cost of heating systems. When building energy-efficient houses, the share of heating costs is reduced compared to other operating expenses of households. This reduces the importance of the fuel price itself and increases the importance of the initial investment.
Water heating with electric boiler
Let's start with the merits. The most stable system, which, due to inertia, continues to maintain the temperature for some time after the boiler has stopped working. During operation, it dries the air minimally, it works almost silently. High maintainability. If you do not hide heating pipes in the walls, they are always available for repair and replacement.
Video - Do-it-yourself electric heating of a private house
At low energy consumption, the absolute savings between expensive and cheaper fuels are small and may not offset the difference between higher investment in cheaper fuel or over its lifetime. In general, we can say that the better the insulated house, and probably the smaller it is, the greater the return on investment in a more expensive and economical heating system. It finds use in bathrooms and wet areas with floating laminate or wood flooring heated by large size low temperature electric floor heating.
These are the disadvantages. A complex system of pipes and radiators requires a lot of time and money at the installation stage. Due to inertia, it is impossible to quickly change the temperature - it will not work to heat the room quickly. When the system is stopped in winter, it can collapse - if the water freezes in the pipes, they will break. For serious repairs, a complete shutdown and draining of the coolant is necessary.
They are equipped with a temperature controller that, depending on the temperature difference, controls the fan speed so that the heat flows evenly. This makes installation very easy and fast. In case of low outdoor temperature, an electric heating cartridge is built into the device. Electricity is cheaper for the whole house.
The calculation of operating costs will significantly affect the favorable two-tariff rate. If we use electricity as the main source of heat, less electricity is consumed during the day. Depending on the type of equipment used, 16 - 22 hours a day. There is also a special rate for cottages and cottages with a lower weekend rate. The advantage of a low tariff is not only for radiators, but for all electrical appliances, which means significant savings in the total amount of electricity.
Air heating on electric heaters
Heating of this type is quickly mounted. All you need is to buy heaters, hang them up and plug them in. The air begins to heat up immediately after switching on. When the system is frozen, it remains operational - there is nothing to freeze. Heating elements are not interconnected. Failure of one does not affect the performance of others. It can be easily repaired.
And, of course, it is necessary to take into account the efficiency of the electrical appliances themselves, the efficiency of the heat transfer method and the desired thermal inertia. We have a selection of the least demanding heaters that cool immediately after being turned off, over storage to radiator floors, walls or even ceiling systems.
We have set a separate chapter because they do not use electricity mainly for heat production - they use the energy of air, water or land. Electricity must work for itself. But it will produce several times more energy than they consume. And we separated them because they are related to operating costs and purchases. Heat acquisition is investment intensive, in contrast to low operating costs. Using the potential of solar energy stored in the ground, water or air, they will provide low heat payments, and most of the time they will also consume hot water in the home, sometimes in the pool.
Hang heaters - that's all you need
disadvantages air heating such. The first is that when the heaters are turned off, the temperature drops rapidly. To ensure continuous operation, a backup power supply system is required. The second - due to direct contact with the heating elements, the air dries up, measures / devices are needed to humidify the air. Third, many air heaters have built-in fans to improve efficiency, but they are noisy.
They can also arrange for the house to be cooled in the summer. These are items that need to be considered to save operating costs. In addition, the most favorable rate provided for their work, 22 hours a day. And another difference from direct heating systems is that they can be a good solution even for homes with higher heat loss.
Available in three sizes with a capacity of 50 liters, 80 liters and 100 liters. We must not underestimate the method of preparation hot water. While heating costs in new buildings are falling, warming is not only increasing in absolute terms, but still represents a higher percentage of total operating costs. Heating water in an old boiler and distributing it throughout the house is extremely inconvenient. Old heaters are not well insulated, water quickly rises in them and must be constantly heated.
Underfloor heating on electrical elements
Electric underfloor heating is the youngest heating system. Of all those described above, it gives the most comfortable conditions - the highest temperature is obtained at the level of the legs, and in the head area it is average. Also, this system is inert - while the floor array heats up / cools down, a significant period of time passes. For this reason, after turning off the temperature remains for some time. The complexity of installation depends on the type of electric floor heating. There are systems that require screeds (electric heating cables and mats), there are those that are mounted on a flat, rigid base without wet work(film floor heating) and can be used to heat laminate, linoleum, etc.
Therefore, it is at least necessary to achieve an energy-efficient heater, which, according to current legislation, must be equipped with an energy label. Their heaters have a longer warranty, double corrosion protection and high quality insulation.
Savings on water heating can be achieved by approaching the point of consumption, that is, moving away from central heating. These unnecessary losses are eliminated by electrical flow or small storage devices located directly in the bathroom or kitchen. The flowers heat up exactly the amount of water that is needed at the moment, and they are designed in such a way that we do not have to worry about fluctuations even with a larger take-off like a shower. Small tanks have only a small amount warm water.
Electric heating private house with underfloor heating has disadvantages. The first is medium or low maintainability. There is no direct access to the heating system. You have to dismantle / break the floor. The second is that the time and effort spent on the installation of electric underfloor heating cannot be called low. Systems that require a screed are installed for about a month (while the screed is “ripening”, you cannot use it), a warm floor for “dry” installation can be assembled in a day, but the cost of heating elements is quite high.
They are especially useful where there is no regular takeoff, but exposure occurs for most households. The disadvantage is that rapid heating is achieved at high power consumption, and therefore, at the time of consumption, the electricity consumption will increase significantly. Therefore, in homes where hot water consumption is high, it is good to consider alternative heating- the use of solar collectors or the heat pumps just mentioned.
The indoor unit can be placed anywhere in the room. Maybe in a wall version. The continuous temperature setting and the exceptionally quiet fan ensure comfortable comfort. Reducing electricity bills can also be achieved by switching suppliers. However, this change must be carefully considered and controlled in everything related to the change of the contract. Let's be aware that for electricity, we can influence about 45% of the total price by changing the supplier, only the one that depends on the actual consumption.
What is the best type of heating with electricity
As you can see, it will not work to say which type of electric heating in the house is the best. There is no ideal. It is necessary to proceed from the operating conditions:
The above is based on the choice of the majority. This does not mean that it is impossible to make air electric heating of a private house in a house with permanent residence. It is possible and they do. You just need to be clear about the advantages and disadvantages.
The first step is to find out if there is a supplier on the market with the best deal. You can also compare yourself based on publicly available price lists from individual vendors. Always check the offer that you personally received from the supplier's representative and, in particular, from hired suppliers. It is best to avoid them, they will never give you a full comparison, they insist on making a decision and there may be scammers among them.
It is safe to use the services of an independent intermediary or contact a specific supplier directly. Before signing a new contract, find out if you already have one indefinitely. You can then apply to change supplier at any time. If you have a fixed term contract, you need to figure out the withdrawal rules - withdrawal notice period, any penalties, etc. any changes must be made free of charge within ten working days. However, you must remember the notice period, which usually takes three months.
Electric boilers for water heating
One of the key positions in the installation of water heating at home is the boiler. There are three types of electric boilers:
All of them heat water with electricity, but use different processes and technologies. Each type has advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss in more detail.
Do-it-yourself electric heating
When signing a new contract, read all the terms carefully, explain what you don't understand, and make sure you know what you're signing. An ideal heating system is a system with a maximum heating surface, which allows even distribution of heat at a low temperature of the heater surface. Even with us, large-scale radiation systems are becoming more and more popular.
The reason is simple: modern buildings today have very good thermal properties, and large-scale radiant systems - be it floor, wall or ceiling - can even heat a room when needed. room temperature even at low surface power. In addition, thanks to the warming of the structures, we achieve thermal comfort even at lower indoor temperatures, which is a significant savings.
Electric boilers TENovye
The working element in these heating boilers is a tubular electric heater, abbreviated as a heating element. It is made of a material that generates heat when passed through it. electric current. This element is enclosed in an electrically insulating tube, the space between the heating element and the tube is filled with sand - for more efficient heat transfer from the heating coil to the body. The water in the boiler flows around the heating element, heating up from its walls.
A distinctive feature of these systems is a better distribution of temperature in the room and a healthier climate for our health - higher air humidity, lower dust content. environment. What's more, since it's hidden under the floor, wall or ceiling, it doesn't interfere with the interior. But what does a low energy house mean? And how can electricity be heated cheaper than gas or even a heat pump?
An important aid in monitoring the energy performance of buildings is the demonstration of the energy performance of buildings. For their construction, we usually decide for one simple reason: we expect the heating bill to be low. At this point, it is also proposed to increase these savings by using the heating system with the lowest operating costs - and perhaps we will start thinking about a condensing boiler, or even more so a heat pump. Paradoxically, however, in this case, the choice of these resources may not be the happiest.
As is clear from the description, this type of electric boiler does not have very high efficiency - there are too many losses during heat transfer. But boilers with heating elements are popular, due to the fact that they have a relatively low cost, the heating elements are easily replaced. Another disadvantage of this type of boilers can be called large dimensions - you need a container for heating water,
Acquisition costs play a big role
Acquisition costs also have a significant effect, i.e. costs for Maintenance and service life heating system and its components. Energy consumption for heating is so low in homes with low power consumption that, for example, heat pumps, although they can produce heat, are the cheapest, have a return on investment that exceeds the lifetime of the installation and therefore becomes unprofitable. The most favorable ratio between investment, operating costs and income in this case is represented by direct direct heating systems. When comparing electric heating with gas or condensing boilers a significant role is played by the so-called low tariff, in which electrical appliances operate 20 hours a day for all electrical appliances. Low energy houses use about 40% of their energy for heating.
In order for the electric heating of a private house based on a boiler with heating elements to be economical, it must have the following functions:
Such models are expensive, but heating bills come in less, since at any given time there are as many heaters as needed to maintain the desired temperature. This is how savings are achieved.
There is one more point: the system must be of a closed type. The fact is that when water is heated, limescale is formed on the surface of the heating elements, which significantly reduces the efficiency of water heating. In a closed-type system, a certain amount of water circulates and there is simply nowhere to “achieve” on the fly. If the system is planned to be open type, it will have to use water with a minimum amount of salts. Ideally distilled.
Induction electric boilers
It has long been observed that an object that enters a magnetic field heats up. The operation of induction heating boilers is based on this phenomenon. In fact, this is a large induction coil through which current is passed. Water flows through the induction field, heats up, enters the system.
Advantages of an induction boiler:
Among the disadvantages of these boilers is a higher price (compared to heating element boilers of similar capacity). The second disadvantage is that it is necessary to monitor the level of coolant in the system. There is no way to control it automatically, so constant checks are required. If it is not enough, the coil will overheat. If this state of affairs continues for some time, the hull may even melt. This is one of the important points.
Otherwise, the reliability of this boiler is high - there is nothing to burn out, since the conductor through which the current flows is heated slightly. After all, the formation of heat occurs in the liquid.
Electrode heating boilers
In these heating electric boilers using the phenomenon of electrolysis. When ions move towards an electrode with a corresponding charge, heat is released. An alternating voltage of Hz is applied to the electrodes in this heating boiler. So the change in polarity of the electrodes occurs 50 times per second. As a result, the movement of ions, accompanied by the release of heat, does not stop and heat is carried through the heating system.
Advantages of electrode boilers:
- The coolant is heated "from the inside", while the entire volume of liquid inside the boiler is heated. So the energy efficiency of such equipment is high, less time is needed to reach the set temperature. This results in lower heating costs. So say the manufacturers, and confirm the owners of these boilers.
- Small sizes.
- The lack of coolant is not a problem. The hardware just won't work. Add water to the system, everything will work.
- Small cost.
- Easy installation.
These are all the real advantages of electrode heating boilers. The main plus is that this equipment can be left to work unattended.
Disadvantages of this heating equipment:
The described shortcomings, rather, can be attributed to the features of operation. In general, the electric heating of a private house with an electrode boiler suits many. All that is needed is to properly prepare the water (add salt) or fill in a special coolant.
A few words about the cost of electric boilers
If you look at the prices of electric heating boilers, then heating elements really have a higher price tag, and electrode or induction ones have a much lower price tag. But don't be fooled. In reality, the difference will not be so striking.
Under the casing of the heating element boiler, in addition to the tank for heating water and heating elements, there is also circulation pump, temperature sensor, control device and expansion tank. That means you don't have to buy anything extra.
The price tag for an electrode and induction boiler is only the boiler itself, sometimes complete with a control unit, and even then not always. Sometimes the control must be purchased separately. All other parts of the system that water electric heating of a private house needs - an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors - all these devices will have to be purchased separately. That's for sure. It is possible that the amount spent as a result will be less than the cost of a heating element boiler, but the difference will clearly not be as large as it seems at first glance. And this must be remembered.
Heating the house with electric heaters
Electric heating of a private house can be done on the basis of electric heaters. It can be done based on:
What attracts most of all in the idea of air electric heating of a private house is the absence of the need to build a complex and expensive system. You only need sockets and sufficient dedicated power at home. Heating itself can be organized using a variety of devices.
Air convectors
According to the installation method, they are:
An air convector of any type has a similar structure: there is a heating element (heater) with fins - for better heat transfer. The desired temperature is set on the thermostat, which turns the heater on/off as needed. There are holes in the case for better air circulation. The lower ones are for cold air intake, the upper ones are for heated air to exit. In this case, circulation occurs naturally, but in this case the air moves slowly, also slowly spreading heat. For a more active temperature set, some models have built-in fans that speed up the process.
Three types - wall, ceiling, floor - practically do not require installation. For wall-mounted ones, two hooks are screwed into the wall, ceiling-mounted ones are fastened with dowels or self-tapping screws to the ceiling, floor-mounted ones - with the same fasteners, but to the floor. But with the other two types - plinth and floor - the situation is different.
As the name implies, skirting boards are mounted instead of skirting boards and have an appropriate look. The difference from heating with conventional convectors is that the air comes out near the wall, gradually heating it. When warmed up, it starts to work like a big radiator, maintaining the temperature in the room for some time after the convector is turned off. The disadvantage is that until the wall(s) heats up, the air heats up very slowly. So the electric heating of a private house on plinth convectors is suitable for housing with permanent residence.
Skirting convectors - an inconspicuous way of electric heating
Convectors built into the floor have another difference. They work like conventional convectors, but are built into the floor. They have a depth of at least 10 cm (these are the “shallowest”), so their installation is possible only at the repair stage. And the floor usually has to be raised. But this is the most inconspicuous way of heating. It is indispensable if it is necessary to heat a French window or continuous glazing.
Oil heaters
Electric heating of a private house using oil heaters is not done so often. They are more used as a remedy in case of abnormal cold weather. Although they do their job well, fewer convectors dry the air. Heating element - the same heating element is inserted into a container filled with oil. Due to its energy intensity, it does not store a large amount of heat and only then begins to radiate it. From the walls of these heaters comes a more pleasant warmth for a person. It is more like heat from a heated earth or a furnace.
The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a long time for the oil to heat up. That is, because of their inertia, they can only be used on a long-term basis - in houses with permanent residence. At dachas - only for the duration of long visits, since they are not able to quickly heat the room.
Oil heaters are more often produced on wheels - this is a mobile "emergency" option. There are wall models. Here they can be used for the device of heating in the house.
Ceramic heating panels
In ceramic heating panels, the heating element is located close to the glass-ceramic front panel. This panel heats up to 80-90°C, after which it begins to radiate heat in the infrared range. This is exactly the heat that the sun radiates.
Like any heating element, this one "works" in two directions and heats the opposite side. In order to reduce heating losses on the rear side, a screen is installed between the rear panel and the heating element, reflecting part of the heat towards the ceramics. This increases the heating efficiency.
When calculating conventional heaters (except infrared), take 1 kW of electric heater power per 10 square meters of area. But if the electric heating of a private house is decided to be based on ceramic heating panels, it is recommended to consider 0.5 kW for the same area. And a video review of the operation of such a panel confirms the validity of this approach. But, in order for the heater not to work at its limit in cold weather, it is better to consider 0.6 kW per square. And then, provided that you have "standard" ceilings.
infrared emitters
Another way to organize electric heating of a private house is to use infrared heaters. Their main difference is that it is not the air that is heated, but objects falling into the zone of action of infrared waves. They are already warming up the air. That is, this method of heating is identical to how the sun "works" - first the earth heats up, and from it - the air.
One of the options for heating a private house with electricity is the use of infrared heaters.
This method appears to be the most efficient. In any case, a person in a room heated by such devices says that he is warm at lower temperatures. The difference is 3-4°C. That is, this method of heating allows you to use less electricity. And one more positive thing - heated objects (and these are walls and ceilings too) accumulate heat, and then maintain the temperature after turning off the heaters.
The disadvantage of this method of heating is the influence of a nearby powerful source of infrared radiation. Some doctors suggest the presence of negative aspects. But so far, there are no proven facts.
Heating with electricity is a fairly convenient, comfortable and modern type of home heating, which has only one significant drawback - the cost of electricity, which is necessary for this. But if other, more economical options, for one reason or another, are not suitable, then it is quite possible to use it as the main or additional one, especially since you can install the electric heating of a private house with your own hands. And how to do this, we will consider in this article.
Types of electric heating that can be used in a private house
Here we will look at how you can make your own electric water heating using an electric boiler TEN type. This is a more complex type of electric heating, as it requires correct installation and connection, both the heat source itself (boiler), and the entire system: pipes and radiators, stop valves, as well as additional equipment (circulation pump, expansion or hydraulic storage tank, safety unit, etc. But, at the same time, there is nothing particularly difficult in this work so that it cannot be done independently, especially using modern views materials: metal-plastic or plastic pipes.
Do-it-yourself water electric heating
The advantage of water electric heating is that, unlike other types: convectors, oil coolers, fan heaters or infrared radiators, a powerful heat source is installed in one place, convenient in terms of its connection and piping system, and can provide heat to several rooms or the whole house. At the same time, there is no need to make reinforced wiring throughout the house, but it is enough to ensure a reliable connection of the electric boiler itself.
The work is even more simplified if a water heating system with a boiler running on a different type of fuel (solid or liquid fuel, main or bottled gas) is already installed in the house. In this case, it would be most rational to mount an electric boiler in the system in parallel with the existing one and use one of them as the main one, and the other as an additional or backup one.
In any of these cases, it is necessary to start from the choice of the type and power of the electric boiler and its installation, as well as the choice of pipe material, the method of their connection and the wiring diagram.
Selection and installation of an electric boiler
First you need to decide on the type of electric boiler. It can be heating element, electrode (ionic) or induction. The first ones have already been tested by time and for their work it is desirable that the water in the heating system has the lowest possible hardness (distilled, rain or melted water). In this case, less scale will form on the heating elements and the boiler will work with greater efficiency, more long time. Or, it is necessary to include a filter in the heating system, which will soften the water entering it.
Electrode boilers have a slightly higher efficiency, are structurally simple, but impose special requirements on the conductivity of the coolant, since in this case it is an electrolyte and must retain its characteristics throughout the entire operation of the electric boiler. Often, water in such systems is replaced with special liquids.
Besides, electric boilers can be single-phase (220 V) or three-phase (380 V). If electric heating will be used as an additional or for heating a small room, then a single-phase one can be used, and if it is planned to heat the whole house with electricity, then a three-phase one must be installed. True, this requires a three-phase input to the house.
TEN electric boilers, moreover, depending on the manufacturer, may structurally differ in the presence or absence of a circulation pump, degree of protection, methods of regulating the temperature of the coolant and power, as well as the location of the outgoing (supplying heated water) branch pipe. They can be with its lower or upper location. A boiler with a lower location of the supply pipe is convenient to use when installing electric heating in one-story houses with one-pipe or two-pipe bottom wiring. Boilers with a top exit location are more convenient to use in two-story houses or when they are located in a basement or basement.
You can also make a heating element electric boiler with your own hands from a piece of pipe, sheet steel and purchased heating elements. But for this it will be necessary to perform high-quality welding work and drilling holes in the metal for heating elements. In addition, such a home-made boiler will need to be equipped with control and protective automation, which also requires certain knowledge and skills.
Recently appeared on sale relatively the new kind electric boilers - induction, which use induction current for heating. Such boilers are distinguished by the fact that they have a high efficiency (up to 99 °) and a heat carrier heating rate (5-7 min.), Not demanding on its quality (it can be water, antifreeze or oil). The heating element of such boilers is usually a metal core in the form of a labyrinth, inside which the coolant circulates. The core is heated by the inductive current and transfers heat to the liquid. Among the disadvantages of such boilers, one can note their relatively large weight (25-40 kg), the possibility of using only in closed heating systems with a circulation pump, and a relatively high cost. In addition, such boilers have not been in operation for long enough to be sure of their long service life (manufacturers announce 30 years or more).
In addition, electric boilers differ in power. To choose the right boiler for this indicator, you can focus on the recommendation: 1 kW per 10 m2 of the room. Although the required power depends not only on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of the house, but also on their thermal insulation. But since the electric heating of a private house is quite expensive, it is desirable that the thermal insulation of the outer walls, ceilings, windows and doors be good enough.
Do-it-yourself electric boiler installation
Before installing the boiler, it is necessary to choose a place for it that would allow easy and correct wiring of the pipes of the heating system, convenient to connect, maintain and control the operation of the boiler itself. And for this you need to make detailed diagram placement of radiators and piping of the heating system of the house and choose the best option for the location of the boiler. Electric boilers, as a rule, have small dimensions. Therefore, it is easy to find a place for them on the ground floor of the house, in a dry basement or basement. TEN electric boilers are usually attached to the wall with dowels, and electrode boilers are installed directly on the pipes of the heating system or attached to the wall with clamps. Induction electric boilers, given their relatively large weight, it is better to install on the floor in an upright position.
Any type of electric boiler is connected to a separate machine in the electrical panel, designed for its maximum power, as well as to the ground loop, the resistance of which must be checked by specialists.
The choice of material and piping layout
In principle, both metal (steel or copper) and plastic or metal-plastic pipes can be used for electric heating of a private house. But the easiest way is to mount a heating system from metal-plastic pipes, especially using compression fittings. For the installation of such pipes, no special devices or special skills are required. It is enough to stock up on the required number of connecting fittings, adjustable wrenches and FUM tape for sealing threaded connections.
But such pipes also have disadvantages - the connections must be periodically checked and tightened. Especially after a long break from work. Otherwise, leaks may occur. Therefore, metal-plastic pipes with such connections cannot be embedded in walls.
More reliable are connections using press fittings, but they already require special mechanical or hydraulic press tongs. In addition, each type of such fitting uses its own tool. So for sliding press fittings, a special expander is required. But pipes with such connections can already be laid not only openly, but also hidden: in strobes, niches, under the floor.
More durable and reliable are considered electric heating systems mounted with the help of polypropylene pipes, which are especially popular in recent times, which are connected to the system by soldering. Learning how to solder such pipes is not so difficult. It is only necessary to purchase or rent a special device for soldering such pipes and purchase the required number of connecting elements. With the help of such pipes, you can carry out their hidden wiring in the floor, walls or niches.
Choosing a wiring diagram
In order to determine the required number and diameter of heating pipes, you need to select their wiring diagram and draw up a detailed wiring diagram indicating the locations of radiators, valves, additional equipment, as well as all the distances between them and pipe diameters.
The piping layout can be single-pipe, two-pipe or collector (beam). Since at present heating systems that use an electric boiler are, as a rule, of a closed type (with a membrane hydroaccumulating tank and an overpressure of about 1.5 atm.) And with forced circulation, then, in principle, any of these schemes. It all depends on whether you want to save on pipes or ensure the most convenient regulation of heat distribution over radiators. .
Heating pipe diameter
The diameter of the heating pipes is selected depending on the selected scheme and the diameter of the inlet (outlet) pipe of the boiler. In electric boilers, it is usually small - ¾ or 1 "" (19 or 25.4 mm - internal). That's why maximum diameter pipes will be the same. If it is ¾ '' (19 mm), then the supply line and the "return" will be of the same inner diameter, and the connection to the radiators - ½ '' (13 mm - internal), if it is 1 "", then the output and input ( return) with a two-pipe circuit, it can be the same, and after the first branching it can be replaced by ¾ "", and with a collector - 25 mm to the collectors and 13 mm wiring to the radiators.
On the marking of plastic and metal-plastic pipes, their outer diameter and thickness in mm are usually indicated. To find the inner diameter, subtract twice the wall thickness from the indicated value. So an inner diameter of ½ '' will correspond to a metal-plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 16 mm.
Installation of radiators, pipes and additional equipment
For electric heating, it is best to use modern steel, aluminum or bimetal radiators. They are distinguished by a small inertia - they heat up quickly, have good heat dissipation and aesthetic appearance. The power (size) of radiators is selected according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which they are installed. They are installed, most often, under the windows, strictly horizontally - according to the level. They fix the radiators to the walls using brackets or dowels, which, as a rule, come with them.
After the boiler and radiators are installed, they begin to install heating pipes, valves and additional equipment: a circulation pump, a membrane tank, a safety unit (pressure gauge, safety and air valves). Some heating element boilers already have a built-in circulation pump, in which case installation is simplified. If not, then it is installed on the "return", in front of the boiler. Before the circulation pump, a mechanical filter and a membrane hydroaccumulating tank are installed.
Although a system with forced circulation does not require obligatory observance of pipe slopes, as in a natural one, since the circulation here is provided by a circulation pump, they must still be observed so that, if necessary, all the water can be drained and that it does not get aired into the process of operation. The air must be able to rise freely through the system and be expelled by the automatic air valve. In addition, each radiator must be equipped with the same valve.
The safety box is best installed on the supply pipe at the highest point in the system. In this case, all air from the system will be removed through the air valve.
At the lowest point of the system, a drain valve is installed through which both draining and filling with water can be carried out. But, for the convenience of operating the system, you can install a separate tap for water supply, connecting the heating through it to the water supply system at home. If the water is hard at the entrance to the heating system, it is necessary to install a filter that reduces it (for example, with polyphosphate crystals).
Air pressure in membrane tank must correspond to the required pressure in the system or be 10% lower than it. Usually it is 1.5 atm. (bar). The overpressure value must be indicated in the instruction manual or in the passport of the electric boiler.
Do-it-yourself electric heating of a private house video