For the owner of a private house, one of the main problems is the efficient and economical heating of housing during the cold season. Application of various technologies of heating systems and new types heating appliances help to solve this issue effectively. This is especially true for cold climatic zones, where the air temperature drops to critical levels in winter.
The acquisition, installation and subsequent maintenance of heating equipment and heating systems, although expensive, is a necessary condition for a comfortable living in a residential area. In order to minimize the cost of the heating system of a private mansion as much as possible, many aspects should be taken into account even during its construction.
Warming of a private house
Any economical heating will not be effective enough without proper insulation of the residential building.
If the entire room is reliably insulated, then the savings in its heating and fuel costs will become very noticeable, regardless of the type of heating equipment. It is advisable to insulate the building even during its construction. Warming refers to a rather costly stage in the construction of a mansion, but it has great economic benefits in the operation of housing. After all, the heating system in such a well-equipped house will not work at full capacity, which means that fuel and energy will be spent less.
Experts conducted an experimental experiment, as a result of which it was found that a properly insulated house consumes 2 times less energy for its heating compared to a conventional building. This means that the insulation of structures is a prerequisite during the construction of a house.
Popular fuels
- The most expensive heating is electric. It is more rational to use this type of heating as an additional to the main source of heat.
- Heating a dwelling with solid fuel. solid fuel produced in the form of peat or fuel briquettes, and is also available in the form of granular chips made of wood.
- Firewood and coal are long-known types of fuel. Heating with wood requires a fireplace or stove in the house. A stove is ideal for heating a living space with coal. But the big minus of such heating is the combustion products that remain after fuel combustion.
- Liquid fuels include fuel oil and diesel fuel. But liquid fuel can heat a small area. For big house this method of heating is not suitable.
Modern economical heating systems for a private house
- Gas is the cheapest fuel in our country. If the house is located next to the gas main, then, having completed all the documents, you can connect to it and heat the house with gas. To do this, you will need to purchase the necessary equipment with subsequent installation. To heat the room, you can use gas cylinders or gas holders, but this method will not be the cheapest.
- Economical heating of a residential building can be established using infrared heaters. They do not require special installation of boilers and pipes. When using infrared heaters, electricity costs are quite low. This type of heating is the only one that allows you to heat the house by the point method, that is, you can heat the room not completely, but only its separate part. Compared to traditional fuels, this type of heating saves up to 60%.
- Electric heating of the house using an energy-saving electric heating installation (EHU) can significantly save fuel consumption. Through the EOU, electrical energy is converted into heat, and then the whole house is heated with the received energy. The heating system based on the use of this installation is 2 times cheaper than the use of solid fuel boilers. Such heating of housing is used both primary and secondary.
- Another economical home heating is based on gas air heaters. This heating system contains: air heaters, pipes and air outlets with grilles. Such heating of a private house is much cheaper than a water heating system, does not require special installation and is safe for humans. It is important that this system has special functions that purify and humidify the air as needed.
- An infrared film on the floor is used as economical additional heating. Infrared film effectively heats the floor and the whole room. The only drawback of such heating is that in places where the film is laid, it is forbidden to install furniture and all kinds of carpeting.
- And the last option for economical heating is a system of warm baseboards. This heating system is laid directly under the baseboards of the room. The heating process does not consist in heating the air, but the walls and furniture. With the help of such heating, you can save up to 30% of energy.
Alternative heat sources
- heat pumps;
- solar panels;
- geothermal springs.
Recently widely used different kinds appliances, through which economical heating of a private house is achieved. The big competition in this is the energy of the sun. Modern solar panels effectively heat the living space and make it possible to save money on this. With the help of heat pumps, you can heat the building in any weather conditions. Geothermal heat sources are widely used in those regions that are rich in this type of thermal energy. But the purchase and installation of alternative equipment are quite expensive, although they quickly justify themselves during operation.
Most profitable heating chooses for himself each individually. It has been proven that the use of additional heating equipment and energy-saving systems greatly simplifies the heating of the room and at the same time is beneficial. In the matter of economical heating, in addition to the insulation of housing, the correct choice of equipment, heating system and type of fuel, which will be used to heat a private mansion, is also important. You can organize the heating of a private house in different ways. The most important thing is that this option is economical and optimal.
Economic heating
We have completed an energy-saving house project:"Energy saving house"
In anticipation of the onset of cold weather, we all strive to provide our homes with reliable heating systems that will not allow the winter cold to wilt the house and will conscientiously warm the air in the room throughout the entire heating season.
Technological progress does not stand still, and gradually the market is filled with more and more new devices and systems, each of which is unique in its own way. Faced with a difficult choice - how exactly to heat our home - we often prefer the old, already tested types of heating systems, such as water or gas.
And this is not at all because these heating methods are much better than others - we just got used to them and are completely sure that they will meet our expectations.
But there are actually quite a few ways to fill your home with cozy warmth. And many of them are much more profitable and practical than the habit that we have been cherishing so much for many years.
In order to choose economical heating you just need to figure it out in more detail, and the result may surprise you greatly.
Looking ahead a little, let's say that:
the cost of the heating season depends on:
- material and thickness of external walls;
- degree of insulation of external walls;
- temperature regime in the region;
- regional prices for electricity and gas;
- thickness and material of interior partitions;
- selected heating system;
- correct installation of the heating system;
- degree of deterioration (service life) of heating equipment;
- ceiling heights and ceiling material;
- power of the heating system;
- the needs of residents for warmth, etc.
To date, the most famous are the following methods of heating residential buildings and apartments:
Fireplace (stove) heating;
Gas heating;
Water heating;
Air heating;
Electric heating;
Infrared heating.
We will try to understand in more detail what is the most economical heating.
Having set ourselves the above goal, let's start with not particularly popular due to its novelty, but, nevertheless, the most productive heating system to date. Namely - with infrared heating.
infrared heating- is one of the varieties of electric heating systems. The principle of operation of infrared thermal devices is based on solar radiation, the heat of which can not only warm - without it, the existence of life on Earth can be called into question.
Colliding with a solid surface, the radiation energy is converted into heat. It was this fact that allowed contemporaries to develop a functional energy-savingyu system of infrared heating.
The system is quite simple - a layer of thermal insulation is mounted on the ceiling, heating elements of the system are installed on it and all this is completely hidden by the covering ceiling material.
Functionally, this system differs from others heating systems the fact that the outgoing heat is not directed from the bottom up, but vice versa - from the top down. At the same time, infrared radiation evenly heats all surfaces in the room and thus achieves equality of temperatures at any point in the room, regardless of its height from the floor.
At the same time, overheating of the air is completely excluded, and the uniform distribution of air temperature can significantly reduce energy costs for heating.
Infrared heating systems highly environmentally friendly and absolutely harmless. It is unlikely that warm air rising from the radiator, carrying dust particles with it, preventing them from settling on the surfaces of objects in the room, and leaving the floor cold enough, can be called useful.
The use of infrared heating eliminates such negative side effects, while maintaining the natural humidity and oxygen saturation of the air.
The invisibility of the heat source is another advantage of the infrared heating system. In a house equipped with such a system, there is no need to seek original ideas hiding from prying eyes not always aesthetically looking pipes and radiators.
Yes, and saving space, albeit insignificant, is also a considerable plus. And the need for boiler room equipment generally disappears. The only thing required is correct installation and a little space for the installation of a thermoregulation system (in the event that an infrared heating system is used in several rooms).
However, the system can also be installed in isolation for each room, without connecting it to a common thermoregulation system, but by installing a small thermostat right in the room. The main component of the efficiency of infrared heating is the fact that the air does not absorb the energy emitted by the heater.
And, therefore, there is no decrease due to this temperature of heating surfaces. It is enough to set the thermostat a couple of degrees lower than you are used to installing on other heating systems - electricity costs will immediately drop by 10%. The figure, at first glance, is small. But, if you express it in the monetary equivalent of your energy costs, the difference will be very noticeable.
The range of infrared heaters is quite large, but they all have the same basis - infrared film ceiling heaters. The choice of heating foil for each particular room is made based on the characteristics of this room.
Proper selection of radiation power and type of device, as well as proper installation and compliance with all requirements for the operation of the device, allow quite long time use infrared heating without any additional maintenance.
As for environmental and fire safety, any reliable manufacturer can give these guarantees, since all products must be manufactured in compliance with European quality standards.
Programmable thermoregulation systems are also a good help in terms of efficiency. For example, a room can be heated at a lower radiation intensity during the day by increasing the heating temperature at night. It is enough to set the thermostat correctly - the system will do the rest by itself.
Infrared heating systems are applicable not only in private homes - the possibility of their use extends much further. In apartments, for example, during repairs, you can consider disconnecting from the centralized heating system and installing infrared.
Only this decision will definitely have to be coordinated with the municipal and urban planningmi organizations. The use of infrared heaters in offices is an ideal solution for organizations working with big amount paper. After all, paper dust is quite harmful and the fact that it is not constantly in the air will make the work of office employees much more pleasant and safer.
In preschool and sports institutions, this type of heating is the most optimal due to the system creating the effect of a “warm floor”. And, of course, the absence of dust movement and the need for ventilation in case of overheating and, as a result, drafts.
As for the cost of purchasing and installing infrared heating systems, it is much less than the cost of equipping the room, for example, with a water system. And with equal areas, infrared systems are also more productive. In addition, the infrared heating system can be used not only in the ceiling version - there is also an infrared system for underfloor heating.
There are infrared heating and disadvantages. The main one is the inability to use in rooms where there may be people suffering from intolerance to infrared radiation.
Therefore, if you yourself or someone close to you has this type of intolerance, this heating system is definitely not for you. And when you visit any institution, pay attention to how the premises are heated, because the popularity of the infrared heating system is steadily growing.
The second and last disadvantage of infrared heating is energy dependence.b. In the absence of electricity, the system will not function, unless, of course, you have a backup source of electricity. On this list of disadvantages of infrared heating is exhausted. In conclusion, we can say if you decide to choose economical heating then infrared leads the list.
Electrical heating systems are very popular phenomena. This is explained not so much by the advantage of this approach to obtaining heat, but by its versatility..
Electrical appliances are used in modern heating systems in a fairly large amount, performing both the actual function of a heat source and being elements of systems based on water, gas, air or other types of space heating.
Wall heating convectors, thermal curtains and guns, infrared heating systems, "warm floor", air conditioners, electric boilers - the range of electrical systems with which today you can maintain a comfortable air temperature in the cold season is immensely large.
The most widely known representative of this type of heating system is an electric heater, which can certainly be found in every home or office. A compact and convenient device that is enough to plug into a power outlet to get the long-awaited warmth after a while.
Store shelves can please with such a variety of electric heaters.firs of various capacities, configurations and shapes, making a choice sometimes turns out to be a difficult task. But, no matter how successful the new acquisition is, it is completely impractical to use electric heaters as the main source of heat.
In addition to the fact that electrical appliances of this type consume a fairly large amount of electrical energy, they also have a very negative effect on indoor air - many appliances overheat it and burn oxygen.
Well, it's private. Basically, electricity in heating systems is used successfully and is absolutely harmless. An example is the infrared heating system described above.
Electric convectors are fairly simple and fairly common electrical devices that represent a class of air heating devices. The principle of operation is simple - cold air enters the device from below and, having passed through the heating element, comes out already warm.
Electric convectorYou can be both stationary and portable. The rate of heating the air in the room to the required temperature depends on the height of the device - the higher the convector, the faster the heating occurs.
Mobile electric convectorSmall sizes are very convenient because they can be placed, for example, under the bed, hiding the device from prying eyes. Most of the convectors produced today are equipped with special filters, which, in addition to the heating function, also carry out a cleaning function - the dust sucked in with air settles on the filter material and the air at the outlet is already cleaner.
Stationary convectors are mounted on the wall in the same way as conventional radiators, except that the decorative body and the absence of pipes make this type of heating more aesthetic.
True, from an economic point of view, to say that this economical heating difficult. Electric convectorThey do not differ in profitability - devices that are inexpensive at first glance are capable of consuming a significant amount of electrical energy. Yes, energy addictionb air system heating is also not a plus.
Fan heaters also belong to the category of electric air heaters., thermal curtains and heat guns. These devices are more often used for heating when another alternative is less efficient.
For example, the effect of a fan heater can be felt when entering a large supermarket. The considerable power of these devices makes their use in residential premises impractical., and the ability to dry out the air and “drive” dust around the room is unsafe.
The most common type of electric heating systems is the underfloor heating system. This type of heating is characterized by a large selection of heating methods. The system can be based on a cable, film or rod heater. According to the principle of operation, cable and rod systems can be classified as convector heating systems.
The popularity of the "warm floor" is the result of the high environmental friendliness of the system. Uniform distribution of heating elements over the entire area of the room prevents the occurrence of convection currents in the air, heating the room to the same temperature at any point in the room. As a result of the operation of such a system, there is no movement of dust in the air.
Electric underfloor heating based on the use of a water pipe system is widely used as an alternative to a conventional radiator heating system. The system is mounted directly into the screed and successfully functions throughout the entire period of operation.
True, the installation of a liquid electrical system for underfloor heating under parquet or cork is not recommended - parquet can dry out, and cork does not have a very high thermal conductivity. yu.
Cable underfloor heating also has some varieties that differ in installation methods. They can be produced as sections, cable on reel or heating mats. The material of the cable used in the underfloor heating system is characterized by the ability to convert electrical energy into heat.
At the same time, the main requirement for the system is a high percentage of conversion. Cable underfloor heating, which converts less than 90% of the consumed electrical energy into heat, is the result of unscrupulousmanufacturer or installers.
Loss of energy, of course, is an unnecessary waste. However, some manufacturers warn the consumer in advance about the low transforming ability of the material of their products. Usually this is due to some technological need and you should not purchase such systems for your home, even taking into account their lower cost.
Film underfloor heating is a less common option for an electric heating system. These systems can be based on both bimetallic and carbon heaters. The convenience of the film system lies in the ease of installation - the rolled material is installed effortlessly on both horizontal and vertical surfaces.
Therefore, film heaters can be placed with equal success both in the floor and in the walls. The problem with bimetallic film is the lack of grounding. Therefore, its installation requires additional steps. The effect of film heating systems and underfloor heating is, in principle, very similar to the effect given by an infrared heating system.
However, electricity consumption warm floors significantly higher. And heat losses during heating of the floor material further reduce the profitability of underfloor heating. However, underfloor heating is a good option and more economical than gas or water heating.
Economic heating today the issue is very relevant. IN modern world everything changes very quickly. If earlier people tried to build houses at the lowest cost, as a result low prices for electricity, gas, diesel fuel, etc. then today everything is changing and prices accordingly. It is wiser when building a house to spend money on good insulation of the house, which will pay off in 5-7 years or even earlier and spend a very small amount in the winter.
Gas heating is called gas heating only because gas equipment is used as the main heating device in the heating system.
In fact, it would be correct to call these heating systems liquid or water. After all, the main coolant in this case is the liquid circulating through the pipes of the system, and the gas serves only to heat it.
It is enough to replace the gas boiler with an electric one - and the system will already be called electric, although the essence of it will remain the same - water and pipes. Therefore, we will not talk about gas, but about a water heating system, considering various options for heating devices.
This type of heating system is one of the most common and at the same time the most expensive. Firstly, the cost of equipment, whether it is a gas boiler or an electric one, is very high. And this cost is less than half of all purchase and installation costs.
Firstly, the design of a liquid heating system is necessary even at the design stage of the construction of the facility itself, due to the fact that it is necessary to allocate and properly equip the boiler room, plan the location of all elements of the system inside and outside the house.
Incorrect calculation and design often results in surplus pipes, valves and other system components that suppliers are very reluctant to take back. Or, on the contrary, there is a lack of fittings, and, as a result, additional expenses and running around shops in search of what is missing.
In addition, the gas equipment itself belongs to the class of high-risk devices. Incorrect installation or dishonestymanufacturer can have fatal consequences. That's why gas services today require that connection and first start-up gas equipment carried out necessarily by service specialists.
In modern multi-storey housing construction, and often in private ones, individual heating systems are used, which are characterized by the fact that a gas double-circuit boiler is located directly inside the living space, namely, in the kitchen.
Of course, it is much easier to monitor the equipment and regulate the heating of the room in this way, but from the point of view of safety, it is not entirely comfortable. Yes, such an arrangement of the heating device was coordinated with all structures long before the start of the construction of the facility, but the mere fact of a gas boiler hanging behind the back, for example, during a family dinner, is not very conducive to raising appetite. And what does it cost a child to pull up a chair and twist the coveted levers or push buttons?
As for the principle of operation of the system, it is based on the circulation of fluid through the pipes of the system. Passing through the heat exchanger of a gas boiler or a heating element of an electric one, the liquid moves through the pipes by forced or natural circulation, heating the radiators located in the allotted places.
Pipes can be different - from cast iron to reinforced plastic. The variety of radiators that can be used today in liquid heating systems is also quite large. It can be heavy cast-iron radiators, and bimetallic, and aluminum.
Well, there is no need to talk about aesthetics in relation to this heating system - the most scrupulous owners prefer to hide the pipes inside the walls, and close the radiators with special grilles.
First, it greatly limits the ability to access the system if necessary. Secondly, heat losses with such an attitude are colossal. Aluminum radiators have enough aesthetic appearance not to hide them.
At the same time, the price for them is not high, and a professional installer can remove or add the required number of sections at any time without harming the system.
If the circulation of the liquid is forcibly provided, then the system can be immediately classified as volatile and add additional costs for electricity to the gas costs.
True, there are also energy-independente gas equipment with built-in circulation pump, but even it, equipped with electronics, necessarily works on some kind of electric batteries.
And systems with natural circulation, in which the movement of the liquid is carried out due to the temperature difference, have a not very pleasant feature - the need for constant monitoring. Having heated up evenly, the water in the system begins to overheat and the boiler may boil, and this is completely unsafe.
Well, a few words about the fluid in the system. The centralized gas supply system tends to sometimes stop the supply of gas for one reason or another. In severe frosts, this trouble can lead to the fact that the water in the heating system freezes and damages the elements of the system.
In this case, one has to look for alternative ways heating in order to keep yourself and your loved ones from freezing, as well as such an expensive heating system. Of course, you can replace water with non-freezing liquids, of which there are many on sale today.
But this will by no means reduce the cost of heating in general. The same picture is obtained if the system is equipped with volatile elements - in the event of a power outage, the operation of the equipment stops and, accordingly, heat flows.
In principle, liquid heating systems are quite effective with the correct selection of all elements of the system, taking into account the characteristics of the heated room and high-quality installation. The issue is the stability of the utility systems, namely the supply of gas and electricity.
non-volatilei the gas system will not work when the gas is turned off, and the volatile system will not work without electricity. Therefore, the owners of gas heating systems always go to additional costs by purchasing electric radiators “just in case”.
Well, if you want to equip your home with any of the electric heating systems, consider immediately purchasing an additional power source. True, in apartment buildings and office buildings, the use of generators electric current not always possible.
Stove or fireplace heating is the most ancient and proven way of heating a home. For city apartments, this option is not acceptable due to the need to equip exhaust ducts. But for small private houses, especially those located near forests, this is the most interesting option.
Live fire can not only warm the air in the room, but also causes a lot of positive emotions. This heating method has a lot of disadvantages - the need for consumables (wood or coal), high fire hazard and low efficiency.
If on a modern gas or electric boiler with the help of a thermostat it is possible to set the required temperature regime, which numerous sensors will conscientiously maintain, then the fireplace will not be able to heat itself. The owner forgot to throw firewood - he froze.
In addition, fireplaces and stoves heat, as a rule, only adjacent rooms. If your house has isolated rooms, the air in them will never warm up to the desired temperature, even if it is very hot in the room with a fireplace. Fireplace heating is good as a temporary one.
It can justifiably serve as the main heating system only if the fireplace acts as a heating device as part of the liquid system and there is a person who will ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel to the fireplace itself.
Completely unprofitable system. However, if the soul requires fire, the modern market for heating appliances is ready to please consumers with original solutions for electrical or gas fireplaces. It’s probably not worth mentioning the equipment of the exhaust shaft - what furnace is without a pipe?
If we talk about all the heating systems that exist today in general, then the choice of any one of them for your home should be dictated by three components:
Expediency;
The financial side of the issue;
Personal preference.
Often, personal interests and tastes go far contrary to logic and expediency.Yu. With sufficient financial security, this may not be too expensive, but if you do not want to waste your money, it is better to take care of purchasing a reliable heating system that best suits your home.
Apartment owners, as a rule, have to be content with the heating system that is installed by the developer. It can be either centralized liquid heating or individual gas heating. If you have the strength to argue and quarrel with public utilities, defending your rights, and finances allow, the alternatives may be as follows.
In new houses with centralized heating, it is possible to coordinate the disconnection of your apartment from the heating system. As a result, a few vertical pipes will remain in your apartment, which can be easily hidden behind an elegant drywall construction.
Standard windows are either carefully sealed or replaced with plastic ones so that heat is not drawn out through the numerous gaps left by the builders. Infrared heating is mounted on the ceiling. This system is good because it heats all surfaces evenly.
Therefore, in addition to the fact that your floor will be heated by warm air from the apartment below, additional heating will be from your infrared heater. The thermostat can be immediately set a few tens of degrees lower - the resulting heat will be more than enough.
The meaning of this replacement is that heating costs are completely removed with a slight increase in electricity bills. Plus, absolute independence from the heating season. The same applies to apartments with individual gas heating - the dismantling of gas equipment and the installation of infrared will not leave any traces of the existence of heating at all.
In old houses that have served for 50 years or more, it makes no sense to install an infrared system - usually the wiring in such houses is so worn out that the installation of additional electrical equipmentnia may not survive. And the voltage in the network is usually much lower than the declared one, and utilities are unlikely to agree to such changes.
Owners of private houses have a much wider choice. But, again, if the house is old enough, before installing an additional load on the electrical network, you must first make sure that this will not harm either you or your neighbors.
It is better to heat ready-made residential buildings with insufficient insulation of external walls electrical systems heating (warm floor, infrared), having previously installed a layer of thermal insulation on the walls. Thus, it will be possible to achieve the required thermal effect without the cost of insulation. However, such walls will no longer “breathe”.
If the residential building is still at the design stage and finances allow giving preference to any heating system, start thinking about heating right away, since any replacement is always an unpleasant blow to the wallet.
Ask your neighbors how often gas and electricity outages occur during the winter, how long such outages typically last, and how quickly utilities respond to outage reports.
Having made a choice in favor of gas equipment, take care to purchase additional electric heat sources. And, if you prefer the electric heating of your home, purchase a backup power source in case of a power outage.
Gas heating is slowly but surely losing its relevance. It is enough just to compare the prices for gas and electricity to understand which heating method is more profitable today.
Therefore, in recent years, preference has been increasingly given to electric heating systems, because electrical equipment, with equal efficiency, is much safer and more economical. So why pay more if it's not necessary?
Summing up all of the above, we offer the reader of this page and all visitors to our site some simple mathematics regarding the cost of what we are talking about - heating systems and heating in general.
As an example, let's take a two-story cottage, the heated area of which will be 150 m2, and try to approximately calculate the average cost of each type of heating with installation (excluding individual extra charges for transport and other costs) and the average cost of the heating season for each of the systems. You will get something like this:
|
Heating system |
infrared |
Gas liquid |
Convector |
Liquid diesel |
|
Design (rub) |
5000 |
100000 |
5000 |
50000 |
|
Installation (rub) |
25000 |
100000 |
10000 |
70000 |
|
Commissioning (rub) |
5000 |
20000 |
5000 |
20000 |
|
Equipment (rub) |
115000 |
150000 |
35000 |
70000 |
|
Total cost of the system (rub) |
150000 |
370000 |
60000 |
210000 |
|
Electricity consumption costs/g base per month (rub) |
5000 |
4500 |
20000 |
16200 |
|
Maintenance costs per season (rub) |
10000 |
15000 |
||
|
Heating season cost (rub) |
40000 |
36000 |
160000 |
129000 |
|
The total cost of installing and operating the system for 1 year |
190000 |
406000 |
210000 |
339000 |
|
The total cost of installing and operating the system over 5 years |
350000 |
600000 |
800000 |
933000 |
Thus, it turns out that infrared heating systems during their long-term operation are many times more economical than all other systems, even despite the initially high cost of the equipment itself - it more than pays off with significant savings on all other costs.
In addition, most heating systems require constant maintenance. And it is enough to install infrared, cover it with a decorative coating and remember about its existence only when cold weather sets in. And there will be nothing surprising in the fact that after a few years infrared heating will take a leading position among existing heating systems - the advantages are undeniable now.
Therefore, before making a choice in favor of a particular heating system, spend a little time studying the entire range of heating systems that the modern market can offer. Perhaps you also want to become the owner of a new, but very promising infrared heating system.
Well, if any other heating system becomes your choice - well, the choice is a personal matter for everyone. The main thing is that you and your loved ones should be warm, cozy and comfortable in any cold.
The onset of cold weather for most residents of city apartments is associated with an increase in the expenditure item of the household budget. We are forced to pay for the heating of our housing, regardless of whether we use the services central heating or we have an autonomous heating system in our apartment. There is no free fuel. You have to pay for any fuel that is a source of thermal energy. The mode of total economy is switched on, which naturally affects the living conditions. In such a situation, the owners of the apartment have a reasonable question. What is the most?
How to save on heating in winter, what measures to take to significantly reduce the pressure on your own wallet during the heating season. These questions can be sorted out if you carefully study each of the currently existing types of home heating. You can understand the principle of economy by carefully analyzing the existing available fuels, as well as by studying technical specifications heating appliances.
Housing that is connected to the system is in most cases heated according to the residual principle. What temperature does the coolant entering the piping system of the house from the heating plant have, this degree of heating will also be in your apartment. In the centralized main, the temperature of the coolant is in the range of 45-95 0 C. Entering the system of an apartment building, the coolant is distributed through the pipeline, getting into each apartment. Heating in an apartment directly depends on the type of wiring in the house and the configuration of the house heating system. In this case, it is impossible to independently regulate the heating temperature of heating radiators in your apartment.
This is a significant minus of centralized heating, which works on the principle of "gave - take and pay." What kind of savings can we talk about in this case. The only possible way out of the situation in this case is to increase the thermal efficiency. Those. it is possible to make the apartment warmer, but on the contrary, there is no way to reduce costs. Even if you cut off the centralized heat supply to the apartment, you still have to pay bills for the heated area.
The way out of this situation must be sought in the possibility of obtaining permission to disconnect from central heating. Only autonomous - will provide financial stability to your budget. Only with this type of apartment heating you can really create the necessary microclimate and optimal living conditions in your apartment. The main condition for achieving savings is to increase the efficiency of the heating system.
Ways and options to improve the efficiency of home heating
Having achieved permission to turn off the central heating, we can assume that half of the problem has been solved. Now questions about heating fall on the shoulders of the owner. The efficiency of heating an apartment, the efficiency of the system now depends on which type will be given preference. Economical is, first of all, a generalizing concept, an abstract one. It is possible to achieve efficiency in the operation of heating equipment using all methods and means known today. For example, the intensity of work autonomous heating depends on the following factors:
- acceptable amount of heat loss of the apartment;
- what type of autonomous heating is in the house;
- is it worth it heating equipment thermostats, is the automation working properly;
- in what condition are the main communications of the heating system;
- population density in the apartment, household needs.
Considering each individual option, you can find real ways to save money. Heat loss buildings is an issue that can be solved once and for all by carrying out major work on insulation.
On a note: Sealing of interpanel joints, insulation of external panels, insulation of window and door openings will increase the thermal efficiency of your home by 15-20%.
You can save on heating in an apartment if you choose the right type of autonomous heating. Gas boiler or electric, convectors or underfloor heating, household electric heaters - each heating option has its pros and cons. Here it is appropriate to recall how well your home heating system is equipped with automation and equipment for controlling the heating temperature. Today, almost all heating systems used in everyday life, separate heating appliances equipped with thermostats, thanks to which you can set the optimal heating mode. The efficiency of the heating equipment depends on the condition of the pipelines and electrical wiring in the house.
Important! The correct wiring of pipelines and the method of connecting radiators depends on a well-designed autonomous heating project. Hydraulic and thermal calculations will determine the optimal number of radiators and the method of installation. When using electricity for heating, it is important to have electrical wiring of the appropriate capacity. The presence of a three-phase meter and emergency shutdown machines will make your home electrical network reliable and safe.
Based on the above, the following conclusion can be drawn. Only a qualified and competent approach to improving the efficiency of home heating will achieve tangible results.
Economical heating systems for a city apartment
It should be recognized that economical heating is not always an abstract concept. Such systems really exist today and everyone has the right to make their own choice of what to give preference to. The main aspect in this case is the minimum cost of fuel consumed by heating devices and equipment to achieve the required temperature. For residents of city apartments, there is no alternative to gas and electric heating. For private houses and cottages, there are much more options with a choice of views. The diagram shows the circuit diagram gas heating in the apartment.
A city apartment is a space limited by house structures and communications. In addition, when organizing decentralized heating, the opinion of neighbors and other residents of an apartment building should be taken into account. Gas generators and pyrolysis boilers are not suitable for a city apartment, as is the option with air heating. Only possible options- gas, water, or electricity. Gas and electricity in our homes are the only available fuels and energy that can be used for its intended purpose.
Traditional for many of us, water heating is considered the most acceptable and practical. Gas, unlike electricity, is almost always in the pipeline.
Important! Compared to electricity, the cost of energy consumption for heating with gas is much higher, despite the high efficiency of electric boilers. Gas in this regard significantly outperforms electricity. Moreover, the cost electric heating in accordance with the current tariffs is neither more nor less than 4000 rubles/Gcal.
Even if you managed to install a super economical electric boiler equipped with a control system, electricity bills will unpleasantly surprise you at the end of the month. You will have to save on your own household needs. Electricity for a city apartment, especially given the length of the heating period in our country, remains an expensive pleasure for heating residential premises. Use of electrical household heating appliances can be used as an auxiliary measure. Electric boilers, convectors and household heat guns are mainly used to maintain the optimum temperature, or to create a high temperature in the apartment at a certain moment.
Be sure to check out:
Alternative heat sources for a city apartment
In search of the optimal system, one should change the established conservative point of view and pay attention to alternative options.
Instead of our usual gas pipes, wall convectors, you can use the power of radiant energy. Infrared heaters, which are now increasingly being introduced on the heating equipment market, are able to create the required temperature in an apartment in a short time. The principle of operation of infrared heat sources is based on the reflective ability of each object in the room to reflect thermal energy, thereby radiating a certain amount of heat into the airspace.
Modern infrared heaters unlike other types of heaters, it is much more economical. Installing the appropriate number of infrared lamps under the ceiling in the apartment will do the trick. You will receive the necessary heat, and the savings in electricity will be evident.
Economical heating is a moot point. Much depends on how demanding the owners of the apartment are to themselves. A serious approach to saving heat inside the apartment, combined with efficient and economical systems, gives a tangible result.
The peculiarity of the geographical location of our country is such that it forces real estate owners to think about what kind of heating in a private house is the most economical. The right choice should be made at the design stage, when all options can be calculated and compared with each other in terms of efficiency.
This approach will reduce the cost of installation work, as well as provide an aesthetic appearance system. The search for an answer to the question of which heating is the most economical makes one pay attention to alternative heating methods, as well as to analyze the installation of several parallel heating systems.
Basic Criteria
To decide on the most economical heating of a private house, you can rely on the criterion by which the result will be evaluated. More often main characteristics are the following symptoms:
- reducing the amount of consumables;
- selection of a heating system;
- use of combinations of systems or universal heating elements;
- increased automation;
- use of the night rate.
In each case of the application of these methods, the homeowner may well receive economical heating of a private house with his own hands. All methods have both a set of advantages and disadvantages.
Less consumption
It will be possible to reduce the required amount of fuel after carrying out insulation measures. The house or apartment must be provided with reliable thermal insulation. The sealing of all cracks and cold bridges helps to retain the maximum amount of thermal energy inside the room.
At the same time, the need for additional energy production is reduced. To carry out insulation work, financial expenses will be required, but they will quickly pay off due to economical heating of the house.
In some cases, it will be necessary to install more modern equipment to replace the old, high-flow equipment. Even operating under the same conditions will reveal lower consumption of new units of any type of fuel or electricity.
Smart system choice
The use of traditional heating systems is not justified in all cases. The costs for it will be significant, and the return will not always be at a high level. For small premises, the installation of water systems will not be much cheaper than for medium or large objects.
In this regard, you can give preference to new technologies, for example, infrared heating. It has a high efficiency, and also performs well in a small space. At the same time, its installation will cost significantly lower than some other heaters.
Combination of systems
IN modern conditions homeowners can make the most economical heating by combining several traditional types in one room. In combinations, the following heating options can be used:
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Type of fuel |
Description |
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In many regions, it belongs to the available and relatively inexpensive types of fuel. An extensive network provides massive access to a resource |
|
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Electricity |
It is used in combination with any type of heating, especially if the use of a night tariff is foreseen. |
|
Liquid fuel type |
The use of boilers for diesel fuel or fuel oil is advisable in private homes. This type can be used as a primary or backup heating option. |
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Briquetted fuel |
Demanded as the main heating in areas that do not have close gas mains |
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It can be used as an auxiliary type in the form of fireplaces or for the main heating with solid fuel stoves. The downside is the poor automation of the process |
|
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coal boilers and ovens |
Common in regions where deposits of this mineral are located nearby |
The costs for combined systems will be high initially. Further, the owners of the house will be able to independently choose which heating is the most economical in a private house.
Use of automation
In order to figure out how to economically heat a house with electricity, it is worth paying attention to the automation of most processes. A significant amount of temperature control equipment will allow more accurate detection of the current temperature state. Thus, when the operating parameters are reached, timely switching on / off of heating will be performed.
Lowering the temperature in the room during the absence of residents inside will also bring the heating of a private house closer to the most economical type. The setting is performed through timing services when the temperature values are set according to the schedule. On weekdays, during the day, fuel consumption decreases, and in the late afternoon or on weekends, an increase in consumption occurs.
Multi-tariff meters
Almost every heating system uses a connection to household electrical networks. If the owners have an electric meter that is able to recalculate the tariff depending on the time of its use, then the operation of heating at night and in the evening will be cheaper. As a result, the homeowner will receive economical heating of the house. To issue such a meter, you must contact the energy supply organization of your district or district or district. You will be required to submit an application, pay for installation, order a meter from this organization or buy from a third party, wait for the masters and save on electricity bills.
In words, everything is very simple, in fact, the procedure is often delayed due to bureaucratic delays.
It is not forbidden to connect a multi-tariff meter purchased not from a power supply organization. In this case, the meter must be certified, entered in the State Register and programmed to work at different rates.
It is strictly forbidden to install the meter on your own, as well as dismantle it. Firstly, these works are associated with an increased risk to life and health. Secondly, any interference with the operation of a sealed meter or self-installation entail the imposition of an administrative fine.
Use of alternative sources
In addition to classic heating installations, they will help to convert everything into the most economical heating alternative sources heat.
These systems include the following settings:
- solar panels;
- geothermal heating;
- use of heat pumps, etc.
In most cases, the installation of these circuits can significantly increase the heating efficiency. Their use is often justified even with the possibility of heating with gas, as it allows minimizing dependence on an increasing tariff for hydrocarbons in the future.
The operational period of some systems is calculated in decades with proper use and timely repair and maintenance work. The bulk of the costs are at the time of purchase and installation. In the process of operation, such systems are less “gluttonous” in terms of resources and have a high degree of automation.
Particular attention deserves the work of heat pumps, which have recently outstripped even thermal ones in popularity. The principle of operation is to convert natural energy into heat. Most often this is a ground-to-air design, when the pump is immersed to the calculated depth with a constant temperature environment. The coolant moves along the circuit, passes into the evaporation chamber to interact with the refrigerant, which transfers heat to the room. Such a cycle is named after the inventor Carnot and is used in the operation of heat pumps. In order to make it more clear how exactly such a unit works, watch the video.
Gone are the days when economics was ignored. Energy carriers cost a penny and no one paid attention to them. Today, the situation is clearly different. Energy carriers are getting more expensive every year and now it's time to look for the most economical home heating. For this house needs to be heated for at least 50 years.
Let's talk about saving in a few points:
- Financial
- Savings in terms of heating system
- Savings in terms of modern technologies
And let's start in order:
Let's just remember: saving money, you will never get the most economical home heating. This is the main mistake of all developers. You invest in the construction of a large house (often), in finishing the outside and inside, but most often you forget about such fundamental things as heating.
And heating costs money and quite decent. But despite all this, it is still possible to save money wisely. You can just mount the good old and proven .
It will be affordable and you will provide your home with warmth in the cold season. But I emphasize that this will not be the most economical heating system. Rather saved.
About the most economical home heating system
Now it remains to find out which heating system is the most economical. In this nomination, water heated floors win with a decent margin. And that's why:
- Underfloor heating is at least 30% more economical than radiators;
- Warm floors heat from the bottom up, while radiators heat the ceiling first;
- Underfloor heating works at a low temperature. The high limit is 45 degrees.
- Warm floors can be heated by anything.
But there is one key point - warm floors are very important to mount correctly. Having screwed up in installation, you can significantly lose in savings.
The most important point, due to which savings are achieved, is thermal insulation. Manufacturers recommend using a density of 35, a thickness of 10 cm on the first floor and 5 cm on the next.
In practice, 5 cm on the ground floor is quite enough. Unless of course you live in a region with a lot of cold.
What a warm floor looks like, you can see in our video:
The second point due to which you can get the most economical heating at home is temperature control. If you put room thermostats with on the collector, mixing module, you can safely assume that you save 50% compared to radiator heating.
You can make the adjustment and simpler, and the underfloor heating system as a whole.
What is the best way to heat?
In terms of profitability, gas is in the first place. It so happened that gas is indeed the most economical energy carrier. And gas heating does not require any constant human participation. What can not be said about coal heating, which is in second place in terms of efficiency.
But the only gas is not everywhere. Therefore, look at your own discretion. Either coal or electricity. Plus electric heating - turned on once and forgot. While coal must be constantly thrown into the boiler.
Modern economical technologies
With the help of modern technology, we can really achieve the most economical home heating. But I still classify these technologies as unreasonable, because their payback is quite long. From 10 years and above.
One such technology is a heat pump. With the help of earthly resources, it is able to produce at least 4 times more energy than it consumes itself. That is, if you need a boiler for a house with a capacity of 20 kW, then a heat pump with a capacity of only 5 kW is suitable for heating. The heat pump is powered by electricity.
But the pump also costs 3-4 times more than a first-class gas boiler with high efficiency.
Solar collectors can also be used as heating. It does not require any energy consumption at all. When properly installed, solar collectors are able to heat underfloor heating and provide you with the necessary amount of hot water. But then again, it all comes down to finances.
These technologies are our future. And the moment will surely come when both the heat pump and the solar collector will become available to everyone.
As a result, we get that using a warm floor + temperature control + heat pump (or collector) we can get the most economical home heating.
If you are looking far ahead and confident that you can afford such expenses, then you definitely will not regret installing all this at home.